Table 4.

Effect estimates^a for toxicological classes of agricultural pesticides applied within ½-mi of residences on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study, California, 1990-2002

	Exposure rangeb (lb/mi2)	Exposure: Lifetime				Exposure: First year of life
Toxicological class		Cases	Controls	OR	95% CI	Cases	Controls	OR	95% CI
Probable carcinogens	<1	130	167	1.0		127	172	1.0
	1 - 106	54	50	1.5	0.9, 2.4	41	29	1.9	1.0, 3.4
	106 - 13,371	29	51	0.7	0.4, 1.3	23	43	0.7	0.4, 1.3
Possible carcinogens	<1	126	168	1.0		125	169	1.0
	1 - 83	60	50	1.6	1.0, 2.6	36	31	1.6	0.9, 2.8
	83 - 2,166	27	50	0.7	0.4, 1.2	30	44	0.9	0.5, 1.7
Probable or possible carcinogens	<1	116	157	1.0		115	160	1.0
	1 - 161	67	55	1.6	1.0, 2.5	48	37	1.7	1.0, 3.4
	161 - 14,235	30	56	0.8	0.4, 1.3	28	47	0.8	0.4, 1.3
Developmental or reproductive toxins	<1	116	156	1.0		121	162	1.0
	1 - 221	63	56	1.5	0.9, 2.3	39	36	1.4	0.8, 2.5
	221 - 30,500	34	56	0.8	0.5, 1.4	31	46	0.9	0.5, 1.6
Suspected genotoxins	<1	116	155	1.0		120	155	1.0
	1 - 263	62	56	1.6	1.0, 2.6	42	45	1.1	0.6, 2.0
	263 - 45,593	35	57	0.8	0.5, 1.4	29	44	0.8	0.5, 1.5
Suspected endocrine disruptors	<1	121	162	1.0		125	161	1.0
	1 - 93	58	53	1.5	0.9, 2.4	37	38	1.2	0.7, 2.2
	93 - 4,067	34	53	0.9	0.5, 1.6	29	45	0.8	0.4, 1.5
Cholinesterase inhibitors	<1	125	170	1.0		124	167	1.0
	1 - 79	60	49	1.6	1.0, 2.7	38	35	1.4	0.8, 2.5
	79 - 3,364	28	49	0.8	0.4, 1.4	29	42	0.9	0.5, 1.7

CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^aEstimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for household income.

^bModerate and high exposure categories are based on the median pesticide-use density among the controls with density ≥1 lb/mi².