Table 1.
Demographics and behavioral performance on the verbal Sternberg working memory task for the FASDs and control groups
| Control (N = 20) | FASDs (N = 20) | Group differences | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age | 10.9 (2.7) | 10.7 (2.4) | None |
| Female/male | 11/9 | 9/11 | None |
| WISC FSIQ | 110.9 (18.0) | 90.2 (15.9) | Con > FASD [t(38) = 3.85, P < 0.0001] |
| Total brain volume | 1,419.1 (160.4) | 1,274.4 (118.0) | Con > FASD [t(38) = 3.25, P = 0.002] |
| Digit span forward | 8.6 (2.1) | 7.1 (1.7) | Con > FASD [t(35) = 2.33, P = 0.026] |
| Digit span backward | 7.7 (2.4) | 6.3 (1.9) | Con > FASD [t(35) = 1.99, P = 0.055] |
| Parent IQ | 112.8 (16.9) | 113.7 (9.6) | None |
| Parent education | 15.5 (3.1) | 16.6 (2.3) | None |
| Family annual income | 7 (2.7) | 7.7 (1.9) | None |
| Task performance | |||
| Accuracy, low | 96 (6.5) | 85 (15) | Con > FASD [t(38) = 2.74, P = 0.009] |
| Accuracy, medium | 92 (15) | 84 (14) | None |
| Accuracy, high | 73 (16) | 64 (19) | None |
| RT, low | 0.808 (0.187) | 0.795 (0.161) | None |
| RT, medium | 0.914 (0.169) | 0.882 (0.162) | None |
| RT, high | 0.925 (0.158) | 0.893 (0.139) | None |
Values presented as mean (SD). Total brain volume is given in cm3. Family annual income is a categorical variable (1 ≤ $5,000, 2 = $5,000–9,999, 3 = $10,000–19,999, 4 = $20,000–29,999, 5 = $30,000–39,999, 6 = $40,000–49,999, 7 = $50,000–74,999, 8 = $75,000–100,000, 9 ≥ $100,000).
Accuracy is percentage correct. Response time (RT) in seconds.
FASDs, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders group; FSIQ, full‐scale IQ.