Table 4.

Variables Independently Associated with Persistent Fatigue in LUMINA Patients

Variable*	Full Model			Reduced Model
	Estimate	Z value	p value	Estimate	Z value	p value
Age*	0.0413	0.44	0.6624
Gender (male)	−0.2121	−1.47	0.1407
Ethnicity
Texan Hispanic	−0.1570	−1.01	0.3145	−0.1806	−1.25	0.2121
Puerto Rican Hispanic	Reference group
African American	0.0611	0.40	0.6906	0.0167	0.12	0.9055
Caucasian	0.4780	3.40	0.0007	0.4146	3.11	0.0018
Exercising	−0.1031	−1.12	0.2621
Smoking	0.0182	0.17	0.8630
Marital status (married)	−0.0039	−0.04	0.9678
Clinical Manifestations
Constitutional†	0.5000	7.04	<0.0001	0.4925	7.21	<0.0001
Integument	0.0821	1.08	0.2821	0.1189	1.61	0.1070
Cardiorespiratory	0.0194	0.23	0.8209
Peripheral vascular	−0.0405	−0.58	0.5631
Neurological	0.1592	2.12	0.0337	0.1342	1.86	0.0625
Ocular	−0.0511	−0.67	0.4997
Hypothyroidism	−0.0525	−0.40	0.6896
Increased weight*	0.0867	0.96	0.3346
Pain*	0.1518	2.33	0.0197	0.2089	3.26	0.0011
Disease activity (SLAM-R)*‡	0.0595	0.89	0.3757
Disease damage (SDI)*§	0.1391	1.71	0.0865	0.1443	1.81	0.0698
Thrombocytopenia	0.0052	0.05	0.9628
Anti-dsDNA antibodies¶	−0.1788	−2.07	0.0381	−0.1394	−1.70	0.0889
Helplessness*	0.3148	4.28	<0.0001	0.3332	4.92	<0.0001
Abnormal illness–related behaviors*	0.6583	8.09	<0.0001	0.6607	8.42	<0.0001
Social Support*	0.0486	0.66	0.5095

^*Continuous variables have been dichotomized using the median values as the reference point (age=37 years; weight=71.7 kg; pain=2.8; SLAM-R=6; SDI >0)

^†Attributable to lupus, as previously described (21)

^‡Fever and/or weigh loss without fatigue; ‡ Systemic Lupus Activity Measure-Revised

^§Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index

^¶Anti double stranded DNA, anti-Smith and antiphospholipid antibodies