Table.
Malformations seen in relation to use of drugs
| No of cases (n=20) | Malformation | Drug (dosage (mg/day)) |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Spina bifida | Valproic acid (1200); carbamazepine with valproic acid (not known) |
| 1 | Phocomelia | Valproic acid (1500) |
| 1 | Caudal regression* | Carbamazepine (not known) |
| 1 | Cleft palate | Valproic acid (2000) |
| 1 | Rib anomalies | Valproic acid (1500), also lamotrigine (100) |
| 1 | Thick mitral valve | Carbamazepine (500) |
| 4 | Hypospadias | Valproic acid (1000); valproic acid (400); valproic acid (not known); no drugs |
| 1 | Hypoplastic left heart | Carbamazepine (400) |
| 1 | Coarctation | Carbamazepine (1200) |
| 1 | Pulmonary stenosis | Valproic acid (600) |
| 1 | Left duplex kidney | No drugs |
| 1 | Cleft lip | No drugs |
| 1 | Microcephaly | Valproic acid and phenobarbitone (not known) |
| 1 | Trisomy 21 | Valproic acid (1000) |
| 1 | Lissencephaly† | Carbamazepine (200) |
| 1 | Right toe syndactyly | No drugs |
*
Mother has insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in addition to epilepsy.
†
This child, a boy, has X-linked lissencephaly, and his mother has subcortical band heterotopia on MRI manifesting clinically as epilepsy.