Table 1.

Adapted and original versions of the U.S. Household Food Security Scale Module^a

Item	US HFSSM Questions
1	Did you or other adults in your household worry whether your food would run out before you got money to buy more?b,c We worried whether our food would run out before we got money to buy more.d
2	Has the food you or other adults in your household bought just not lasted and you didn't have money to buy more? The food that we bought just didn't last, and we didn't have money to get more.
3	Has there been a time when you or other adults in your household have not had enough money to eat healthy and varied meals? We couldn't afford to eat balanced meals.
4	Has there been a time when you or other adults in your household have relied on only a few kinds of cheap foods to feed the child(ren) to avoid running out or because you were running out of money to buy food? (by cheap we mean low cost foods that are not healthy and nutritious) We relied on only a few kinds of low-cost food to feed our children because we were running out of money to buy food.
5	Has there been a time when you or other adults in your household have not been able to feed the children a healthy and varied diet, because you didn't have enough money? We couldn't feed our children a balanced meal because we couldn't afford that.
6	Has there been a time when the children have not eaten enough because there wasn't enough money in your household to buy enough food? Our children were not eating enough because (I/we) just couldn't afford enough food.
7	Has there been a time when you or other adults in the household ever cut the size of your meals or skipped breakfast, lunch or dinner because there wasn't enough money for food? Did you or other adults in the household ever cut the size of your meals or skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?
8	Have you ever eaten less than you felt you should because there wasn't enough money to buy food? Did you ever eat less than you felt you should because there wasn't enough money to buy food?
9	Have you ever been hungry but didn't eat because you just couldn't get more food? Were you ever hungry but didn't eat because you couldn't afford enough food?
10	Have you lost weight because you haven't had enough money for food? Did you lost weight because you didn't have enough money for food?
11	Have you or other adults in your household ever not eaten for a whole day because there wasn't enough money for food? Did you or other adults in your household ever not eat for a whole day because there wasn't enough money for food?
12	Have you or other adults in your household ever cut the size of the children's meals because there wasn't enough money to buy more food? Did you ever cut the size of your children's meals because there wasn't enough money for food?
13	Have any of the children in your household ever skipped breakfast, lunch, or dinner because there wasn't enough money for food? Did any of the children ever skip a meal because there wasn't enough money for food?
14	Have the children in your household ever been hungry but you just couldn't get more food? Were the children ever hungry but you just couldn't afford more food?
15	Have any of the children in your household ever not eaten for a whole day because there wasn't enough money for food? Did any of the children ever not eat for a whole day because there wasn't enough money for food?

^aAdapted questions were used to assess food insecurity across the periods of time, the year before pregnancy and the past month of pregnancy.

^bAdapted version of the U.S. Household Food Security Scale Module.

^cParticipants who responded affirmatively to any adapted US HFSSM question during the year before their pregnancy were asked: “How often did this happen?” The options were: a) every month or almost every month, b) some months but not every month, c) one month. They were then asked: “Which week or weeks of the month did this usually happen?” with the options being 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th week. The latter question was the only frequency question asked over the time period during pregnancy.

^dOriginal version of the U.S. Household Food Security Scale Module. Timeframe was ‘the past 12 months’. Frequency was asked in two ways: 1) Was that often, sometimes, or never true for your household in the last 12 months? and for the three sub-items 2) How often did this happen – almost every month, some months but not every month, or in only 1 or 2 months?