Table 1. Means and Standard Deviations on Reading Skill and Prosody Variables.
Decoding skill group | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Low middle | High middle | High | |||||
Variable | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD |
TOWRE | ||||||||
Sight Word Efficiency | ||||||||
Raw score | 43.28 | 7.90 | 52.28 | 5.40 | 62.39 | 4.59 | 71.70 | 5.56 |
Standard score | 92 | 8 | 101 | 8 | 109 | 7 | 121 | 8 |
Phonemic Decoding | ||||||||
Raw score | 14.90 | 5.95 | 23.30 | 4.38 | 31.61 | 5.93 | 43.10 | 7.49 |
Standard score | 91 | 9 | 100 | 6 | 108 | 8 | 122 | 12 |
TOWRE raw score total | 58.17 | 9.28 | 75.58 | 3.64 | 93.94 | 5.69 | 114.87 | 10.74 |
Range | 35–69 | 71–82 | 84–101 | 102–145 | ||||
N | 29 | 29 | 31 | 30 | ||||
Target passage reading | ||||||||
Correct words per minute | 92 | 29 | 119 | 32 | 154 | 26 | 176 | 31 |
Accuracy percentage | 98 | 3 | 99 | 1 | 99 | 1 | 100 | 1 |
WIAT Reading Comprehension | ||||||||
Raw score | 14.79 | 3.34 | 16.10 | 3.49 | 20.06 | 4.25 | 22.30 | 4.75 |
Standard score | 96 | 10 | 97 | 18 | 105 | 20 | 115 | 15 |
Intersentential pause | ||||||||
Length in ms | 661 | 231 | 604 | 234 | 411 | 149 | 369 | 195 |
Variability in ms | 155,751 | 148,569 | 111,065 | 175,283 | 60,007 | 59,150 | 54,024 | 120,354 |
Intrasentential pause length in ms | 688 | 450 | 518 | 243 | 313 | 236 | 365 | 267 |
Sentence-final declination of F0 in Hz | 39.67 | 21.66 | 38.68 | 20.82 | 51.72 | 25.13 | 56.22 | 19.61 |
Child–adult F0 match r | .51 | .20 | .58 | .12 | .63 | .13 | .61 | .16 |
Note. TOWRE = Test of Word Reading Efficiency; WIAT = Wechsler Individual Achievement Test; ms = milliseconds; F0 = fundamental frequency.