Table 2.
Examples of different fungi producing different lignocellulolytic enzymes and their substrates.
| Group | Fungal strain | Enzymes | Substrate | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aerobic fungi (Extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes) | Ascomycetes | T. reesei | Cellulases (CMCase, CBH, BGL), Hemicellulase (xylanase) | Wheat straw | 37,38 |
| T. harzianum | Cellulases (CMCase, CBH), β-1,3-glucanases | Wheat bran, wheat straw | 39,40 | ||
| A. niger | Cellulases, Xylanases | Sugar cane bagasse | 41 | ||
| Pestalotiopsis sp. | Cellulases (CMCase, CBH), Laccase | Forest litter of Quercus variabilis | 42,43 | ||
| Basidiomycetes | P. chrysosporium | Cellulases (CMCase, CBH, BGL), CDH, LiP, MnP, Hemicellulase (xylanases) | Red oak, grape seeds, barley bran, woodchips | 7,44,45 | |
| F. palustris | Cellulases (CMCase, CBH, BGL) | Microcrystalline cellulose | 32,46 | ||
| Anaerobic rumen fungi (Chytridiomycetes) (Cell-wall associated lignocellulolytic enzymes, “cellulosome”) | Anaeromyces | Anaeromyces mucronatus 543 | Cellulase (CMCase), Hemicellulase (xylanase) | Orchard grass hay | 47,48 |
| Caecomyces | Caecomyces communis | Cellulases, Hemicellulases (xylanase, β-D-xylosidase) | Maize stem | 48-50 | |
| Cyllamyces | Cyllamyces aberensis | Cellulases, Xylanases | Grass silage | 48,51 | |
| Neocallimastix | Neocallimastix frontalis | Cellulases, Hemicellulase (xylanase, β-galactosidase) | Cotton fiber, wheat straw | 48,52,53 | |
| Orpinomyces | Orpinomyces sp. | Cellulase (CMCase, CBH, β-glucosidase), Hemicellulases (xylanase, mannanases) | Wheat straw | 31,48,53,54 | |
| Piromyces | Piromyces sp. | Cellulases (CMCase, CBH, β-glucosidase) Hemicellulases (xylanase, mannanases) | Maize stem | 31,48,49,55 |
CMCase: Carboxymethylcellulases (endoglucanase), CBH: Cellobiohydrolases, BGL: β-glucosidases, CDH: Cellobiose dehydrogenase, MnP: Manganese peroxidises, LiP: Lignin peroxidises.