(A) NPY pathways hypothesized to be involved in NPY effects related to stress and emotionality. Modified with permission from Heilig (2004). ARC, arcuate nucleus; Hipp, hippocampus; LC, locus coeruleus; LSdc, lateral septum-dorsocaudal; LSv, lateral septum-ventral; NAc, nucleus accumbens; PAG, periaqueductal gray matter.
(B) Role of NPY in dependence.