Table 4.
The association of BMD and bone turnover markers with current and long-term glycemic control in 75 premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes
| Current HbA1c (%) |
10-year mean Total GHb (%) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMD (g/cm2) at Bone Sitesa | ||||
| n=75 | ||||
| Heel | ||||
| Unadjusted | −0.016 (0.006)* | −0.015 (0.005)* | ||
| Adjusted | −0.014 (0.005)* | −0.013 (0.005)* | ||
| Forearm | ||||
| Unadjusted | −0.012 (0.003)* | −0.009 (0.003)* | ||
| Adjusted | −0.010 (0.003)* | −0.006 (0.002)* | ||
| n=19 | ||||
| Total Hip | −0.037 (0.015)* | −0.043 (0.016)* | ||
| Femoral Neck | −0.040 (0.017)* | −0.053 (0.017)* | ||
| Spine | −0.022 (0.019) | −0.021 (0.021) | ||
| Bone Turnover Markersa | ||||
| n=75 | ||||
| Osteocalcin (nmol/L) | ||||
| Unadjusted | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.01 (0.02) | ||
| Adjusted | −0.04 (0.02)* | −0.01 (0.02) | ||
| NTx (nmol BCE/L) | ||||
| Unadjusted | −0.1 (0.2) | −0.1 (0.2) | ||
| Adjusted | −0.5 (0.2)* | −0.3 (0.2) | ||
| Uncoupling Index (1 Z-score) | ||||
| Unadjusted | −0.1 (0.1) | −0.1 (0.1) | ||
| Adjusted | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.0 (0.1) | ||
Data are regression coefficients (SEs) for associations with glycemic control HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; GHb, glycosylated hemoglobin; BCE, bone collagen equivalent
*
p<0.05
a
Final models adjusted for:
- Heel/forearm BMD: age, BMI, energy expenditure (HbA1c), history of smoking (GHb)
- Osteocalcin: age (HbA1c), waist-to-hip ratio, weight change in last year (GHb), history of smoking, menstrual cycle length, years since menarche
- NTx: weight change in last year (HbA1c), history of smoking, years since menarche, medical conditions associated with BMD, time in menstrual cycle (HbA1c)
- Index: age, waist-to-hip ratio, weight change in last year (HbA1c), alcohol consumption (GHb), history of hormone use (HbA1c), menstrual cycle length (HbA1c), month of year (HbA1c)
- GHb: number of blood samples used to calculate mean GHb