Table 2.
Operative Details Stratified by Timing of Stroke
| Time to Strokea |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Detail | ≤24 Hours | >24 Hours | p valueb |
| Patient, total | 46 | 156 | |
| Procedure | |||
| CABG | 24 (52.2) | 96 (61.5) | 0.29 |
| Valve repair/replacement | 13 (28.3) | 32 (20.5) | 0.18 |
| Otherc | 24 (52.2) | 44 (28.2) | <0.001 |
| Aortic arch atheroma | 7 (15.2) | 9 (5.7) | 0.06 |
| Post-op antifibrinolytics | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0.23 |
| TEE or epiaortic US | 3 (6.5) | 5 (3.2) | 0.39 |
| Alternate arterial cannula | 3 (6.5) | 3 (1.9) | 0.13 |
| HCA | 7 (15.2) | 20 (12.8) | 0.23 |
| Average flow rate | |||
| Initial | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 0.52 |
| Midpoint | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 0.26 |
| Final | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 0.28 |
| Hematocrit | |||
| Pre-CPB | 38.4 ± 6.1 | 38.2 ± 5.6 | 0.83 |
| Initial | 22.1 ± 6.0 | 22.4 ± 5.4 | 0.75 |
| Midpoint | 22.4 ± 5.0 | 22.6 ± 3.4 | 0.80 |
| Final | 22.9 ± 4.2 | 23.4 ± 3.5 | 0.50 |
| Activated clotting time | |||
| Initial | 551.9 ± 239.8 | 513.2 ± 187.1 | 0.33 |
| Midpoint | 673.1 ± 244.2 | 645.5 ± 190.2 | 0.50 |
| Final | 623.9 ± 230.2 | 583.6 ± 183.5 | 0.23 |
| Total CPB time, min | 143.4 ± 48.9 | 129.0 ± 53.9 | 0.11 |
| Cross-clamp time, min | 88.7 ± 46.2 | 81.7 ± 42.1 | 0.13 |
a
Continuous variables are reported as mean ± SD, and categoric variables are reported as number (%)
b
Student t test, χ2 test, or Fisher exact test, where appropriate
c
Refer to Table 3 for specific procedure breakdown.
CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass; HCA = hypothermic circulatory arrest; TEE = transesophageal echocardiography; US = ultrasound.