Table 1.
Effect of HBx subcellular localization on levels of HBV capsid-associated DNA
| Cell type | HBxa | Promoterb | Promoter strengthc | Rescue of ΔX replication?d | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chang livere | NLS-HBx | pCMV | 1.8 to 6.5 | No | Klein et al. 2001 |
| HepG2f | NLS-GFP-HBx | pSRα | 40 | Yes | Leupin et al. 2005 |
| NES-GFP-HBx | pSRα | 40 | No | Leupin et al. 2005 | |
| HepG2 | NLS-HBx | pSI | 1 | Yes | Current study |
| NES-HBx | pSI | 1 | No | Current study | |
| Mouse (viremia)g | NLS-HBx | pSI | 1 | Yes | Current study |
| NES-HBx | pSI | 1 | No | Current study |
HBx expressed from transfected plasmid DNA as an in-frame fusion protein with one or more of the following: NLS, nuclear localization signal; NES, nuclear export signal; GFP, green fluorescence protein.
Promoter used to drive HBx expression: CMV, human cytomegalovirus immediate-early enhancer/promoter region (Brondyk, 1994); pSRα, R-U5 segment from the human T cell leukemia virus I long terminal repeat fused to the SV40 early promoter-enhancer (Takebe et al., 1988); pSI, SV40 early region promoter/enhancer (Brondyk, 1994).
Strength of given promoter relative to the SV40 early promoter/enhancer, as described (Brondyk, 1994; Takebe et al., 1988).
Ability of a specific version of HBx to restore HBx-deficient pHBVΔX replication in trans, compared to wildtype HBV pHBV levels of replication.
Chang liver cells, reported to be cervical cancer cells (http://www.atcc.org, search term: CCL-13).
HepG2, hepatocyte cell line derived from human hepatoblastoma (Aden et al., 1979).
HBV replication in mice hydrodynamically injected as described in Materials and Methods.