Exine sculpturing and ultrastructure of Potamogeton pollen: P. pusillus in (A, D, E); P. illinoensis in (C); P. polygonus in (B, F, G). (A) Wide pattern of exine sculpturing; (B) intermediary pattern of exine sculpturing; (C) detail of the pollen tectum, columella and foot layer; (D) pollen grain with the lowest density of columella and tectal elements; (E) detail of the pollen wall with a fibrillar intine; (F) pollen grain with intermediary density of columella and tectal elements, and intine thickened on one side (asterisk); (G) detail of the thickened portion of intine. Abbreviations: in, intine; C, columella; FL, foot layer; T, tectum. Scale bars: (A, B) = 10 µm; (C, E) = 0·2 µm; (D, F) = 2 µm; (G) = 1 µm.