Table 2. Univariate analysis of factors associated with HIV–hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection and HCV mono-infection in residents of rural Shanxi Province, China.
| All subjects | Male subjects | Female subjects | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | Co-infected (n = 34) vs. HCV mono-infected (n = 355) | HCV mono-infected (n = 355) vs. non-infected (n = 2667) | Co-infected (n = 24) vs. HCV mono-infected (n = 198) | HCV mono-infected (n = 198) vs. non-infected (n = 1306) | Co-infected (n = 10) vs. HCV mono-infected (n = 157) | HCV mono-infected (n = 157) vs. non-infected (n = 1361) |
| Residing in a village with a plasma collection center | 1.1 (0.6–2.3) | 3.1 (2.5–3.9)*** | 1.2 (0.5–2.9) | 3.9 (2.9–5.3) | 0.9 (0.3–3.4) | 2.4 (1.7–3.4)*** |
| Male | 1.9 (0.9–4.3) | 1.3 (1.05–1.6)* | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Education (≤ 6 years) | 1.9 (0.9–3.8) | 1.8 (1.5–2.3)*** | 1.9 (0.8–4.5) | 2.3 (1.7–3.2) | 2.5 (0.7–11.9) | 1.7 (1.2–2.4)** |
| Age (≥ 30 years) | ND | 11.1 (5.8–24.5)*** | ND | 19.0 (7.2–77.0)*** | ND | 6.7 (3.0–19.1)*** |
| Marriage (ever married) | 0.4 (0.05–7.5) | 3.8 (1.6–12.5)** | 0.5 (0.07–9.5) | 3.8 (1.6–12.4)* | ND | ND |
| History of selling plasma | 4.5 (2.1–10.4)*** | 17.6 (13.1–23.8)*** | 4.4 (1.8–12.6)** | 22.0 (14.5–34.0)*** | 4.2 (1.1–20.1)* | 14.0 (9.1–21.5)*** |
| History of selling whole blood only | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 2.1 (1.6–2.6)*** | 0.6 (0.2–1.4) | 3.0 (2.1–4.1)** | 1.1 (0.2–4.3) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) |
| More than one lifetime sexual partner | 0.7 (0.2–1.9) | 1.3 (0.95–1.8) | 0.8 (0.2–2.2) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | ND | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) |
| Illicit drug use | ND | 2.5 (0.6–8.5) | ND | 2.2 (0.5–7.5) | ND | ND |
| History of dental extraction | 1.1 (0.5–2.1) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8)** | 0.96 (0.4–2.3) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1)** | 1.2 (0.3–4.4) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) |
| History of acupuncture | 0.9 (0.1–3.3) | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | 0.8 (0.04–4.6) | 0.98 (0.5–1.9) | 1.2 (0.06–7.4) | 1.8 (0.9–3.3) |
| History of surgical operation | ND | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | ND | 1.5 (0.8–2.5) | ND | 1.04 (0.6–1.8) |
| History of blood transfusion | ND | 2.1 (0.9–4.2) | ND | 4.2 (1.3–12.7)* | ND | 1.4 (0.4–3.7) |
| History of medical injection | 1.2 (0.6–2.6) | 0.8 (0.6–1.02) | 1.2 (0.5–3.6) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.9 (0.2–3.6) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) |
| Spouses' history of selling plasma or blood | NA | NA | 1.0 (0.4–3.0) | 5.6 (4.0–8.0)*** | 3.9 (0.6–74.7) | 3.6 (2.5–5.4)*** |
| Spouse's HCV status (+) | NA | NA | NA | 5.1 (3.4–7.7)*** | NA | 5.2 (3.4–7.7)** |
Data in the table are odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (in parentheses). NA, not applicable; ND, not defined due to zero observation in one or more cells.
*
P < 0.05;
**
P < 0.01;
***
P < 0.001.