Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratios for meeting physical activity recommendations among Japanese adults
| Meeting physical activity recommendations | ||||||
| Men | Women | |||||
| Adjusted OR |
(95% CI) | Adjusted OR |
(95% CI) | |||
| Age | ||||||
| 20–29 | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| 30–39 | 0.99 | (0.60–1.64) | 0.69 | (0.40–1.21) | ||
| 40–49 | 0.93 | (0.54–1.60) | 0.97 | (0.56–1.67) | ||
| ≥50 | 0.92 | (0.55–1.54) | 1.00 | (0.60–1.67) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| Unmarried | 0.95 | (0.64–1.39) | 0.83 | (0.52–1.32) | ||
| Educational status | ||||||
| ≤ high school graduate | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| 2 years of college | 1.28 | (0.79–2.07) | 1.54 | (1.04–2.29) | * | |
| ≥ college graduate | 0.67 | (0.47–0.95) | 1.20 | (0.79–1.84) | ||
| Employment status | ||||||
| Employed | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| Not employed | 1.11 | (0.73–1.68) | 0.95 | (0.67–1.33) | ||
| Household income level | ||||||
| < 3,000,000 yen | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| 3,000,000–yen | 0.79 | (0.50–1.27) | 0.86 | (0.51–1.44) | ||
| 5,000,000–yen | 0.82 | (0.49–1.37) | 1.13 | (0.66–1.96) | ||
| 7,000,000–yen | 0.92 | (0.54–1.57) | 0.67 | (0.38–1.17) | ||
| 10,000,000–yen | 0.77 | (0.43–1.39) | 1.16 | (0.65–2.08) | ||
| Self-efficacy | ||||||
| Low | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| High | 2.13 | (1.55–2.94) | *** | 2.72 | (1.82–4.08) | *** |
| Pros | ||||||
| Low | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| High | 1.27 | (0.92–1.75) | 1.02 | (0.72–1.46) | ||
| Cons | ||||||
| Low | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| High | 0.83 | (0.60–1.14) | 0.47 | (0.33–0.67) | *** | |
| Social support | ||||||
| Low | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| High | 1.44 | (1.06–1.97) | * | 1.13 | (0.80–1.59) | |
| Health professional advice | ||||||
| No | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | ||
| Yes | 0.89 | (0.64–1.24) | 0.66 | (0.42–1.05) | ||
| Home fitness equipment | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.55 | (1.14–2.10) | * | 1.41 | (1.01–1.99) | * |
| Access to facilities | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.11 | (0.79–1.56) | 1.20 | (0.82–1.77) | ||
| Neighborhood safety | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.09 | (0.76–1.56) | 0.86 | (0.58–1.27) | ||
| Enjoyable scenery | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.03 | (0.74–1.45) | 1.60 | (1.09–2.36) | * | |
| Frequently observing others exercising | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| Yes | 1.12 | (0.79–1.57) | 1.09 | (0.75–1.58) | ||
| Residential area | ||||||
| Urban | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | ||
| Suburban | 1.03 | (0.76–1.39) | 1.04 | (0.74–1.46) | ||
| Rural | 0.66 | (0.36–1.21) | 0.50 | (0.25–0.97) | * | |
OR = odd ratios; CI = confidence interval; ref = referent group
Study conducted by Internet research service organization, Tokyo, Japan, in February 2008.
*** p < .000, ** p < .01, *p < .05