Table 2.
Effect | Mean (Standard Error) | Peak Resultant Force (%BW) |
Peak Tangential Force (%BW) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tile N = 53 |
Low Carpet N = 53 |
High Carpet N = 53 |
Ramp* N = 39 |
Tile N = 53 |
Low Carpet N = 53 |
High Carpet N = 53 |
Ramp* N = 39 |
||
Weight × Axle |
Unweighted Anterior |
9.00 (0.34) P=0.700 |
10.04 (0.36) P=0.628 |
13.83 (0.32) P=0.727 |
15.78 (0.42) P=0.213 |
6.60 (0.26) P=0.844 |
7.50 (0.27) P=0.580 |
10.78 0.26) P=0.8.26 |
12.52 (0.26) P=0.123 |
Weighted Anterior |
9.47 (0.35) |
10.37 (0.33) |
14.28 (0.31) |
16.55 (0.46) |
6.96 (0.25) |
7.89 (0.26) |
11.29 (0.27) |
13.25 (0.31) |
|
Unweighted Posterior |
9.25 (0.38) |
10.31 (0.37) |
15.22 (0.34) |
16.99 (0.44) |
6.85 (0.27) |
7.70 (0.25) |
11.77 (0.27) |
13.14 (0.31) |
|
Weighted Posterior |
9.61 (0.43) |
10.79 (0.43) |
15.56 (0.37) |
17.20 (0.40) |
7.16 (0.30) |
8.23 (0.31) |
12.26 (0.31) |
13.49 (0.31) |
|
Weight |
Unweighted | 9.12 (0.33) P=0.024† |
10.18 (0.35) P=0.011† |
14.53 (0.31) P=0.011† |
16.38 (0.41) P=0.009† |
6.72 (0.24) P=0.017† |
7.60 (0.25) P=0.001† |
11.27 (0.25) P<0.000† |
12.83 (0.28) P<0.000† |
Weighted |
9.54 (0.37) |
10.58 (0.36) |
14.92 (0.32) |
16.88 (0.40) |
7.06 (0.26) |
8.06 (0.27) |
11.77 (0.28) |
13.37 (0.30) |
|
Axle |
Anterior | 9.23 (0.23) P=0.749 |
10.21 (0.33) P=0.032† |
14.05 (0.30) P<0.00† |
16.17 (0.42) P<0.000† |
6.78 (0.24) P=0.168 |
7.69 0.26) P=0.015† |
11.02 (0.25) P<0.000† |
12.89 (0.30) P=0.001† |
Posterior |
9.43 (0.39) |
10.55 (0.38) |
15.39 (0.33) |
17.09 (0.39) |
7.00 (0.26) |
7.96 (0.26) |
12.01 (0.28) |
13.31 (0.30) |
|
Surface | Surface Mean* N = 39 |
8.89 (0.18) p<0.000†,‡ |
9.99 (0.17) |
14.48 (0.17) |
16.79 (0.21) |
6.53 (0.13) p<0.000†,‡ |
7.49 (0.12) |
11.26 (0.14) |
13.31 (0.15) |
Note. P values for each effect or interaction are listed in the first row of each effect or interaction. Significant P-values are in bold. Un-weighted and weighted means are from data collapsed across axle position. Anterior and posterior means are from data collapsed across weight condition. Surface means are from data collapsed across all four chair configurations. For surface pairwise comparisons, the α level was adjusted using a Holm modified Bonferonni correction to evaluate the significance level of each pairwise comparison.
Abbreviation: BW, body weight.
14 individuals were dropped from the analysis because they completed less than 4 cycles on the ramp in at least 1 chair configuration, resulting in missing data. This limited all analysis which included the ramp to the 39 individuals who had at least 4 cycles in each chair configuration on the ramp.
Significant main effect.
All pairwise comparisons significant, p < 0.000 for all.