Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Jul;90(7):1076–1083. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.10.034

Table 2.

Means and Standard Errors of Peak Resultant and Tangential Force for All Levels of Each Main Effect and Interaction by Surface.

Effect Mean (Standard Error) Peak Resultant Force (%BW)
Peak Tangential Force (%BW)
Tile
N = 53
Low Carpet
N = 53
High Carpet
N = 53
Ramp*
N = 39
Tile
N = 53
Low Carpet
N = 53
High
Carpet
N = 53
Ramp*
N = 39
Weight × Axle
Unweighted
Anterior
9.00
(0.34)
P=0.700
10.04
(0.36)
P=0.628
13.83
(0.32)
P=0.727
15.78
(0.42)
P=0.213
6.60
(0.26)
P=0.844
7.50
(0.27)
P=0.580
10.78
0.26)
P=0.8.26
12.52
(0.26)
P=0.123
Weighted
Anterior
9.47
(0.35)
10.37
(0.33)
14.28
(0.31)
16.55
(0.46)
6.96
(0.25)
7.89
(0.26)
11.29
(0.27)
13.25
(0.31)
Unweighted
Posterior
9.25
(0.38)
10.31
(0.37)
15.22
(0.34)
16.99
(0.44)
6.85
(0.27)
7.70
(0.25)
11.77
(0.27)
13.14
(0.31)
Weighted
Posterior
9.61
(0.43)
10.79
(0.43)
15.56
(0.37)
17.20
(0.40)
7.16
(0.30)
8.23
(0.31)
12.26
(0.31)
13.49
(0.31)
Weight
Unweighted 9.12
(0.33)
P=0.024
10.18
(0.35)
P=0.011
14.53
(0.31)
P=0.011
16.38
(0.41)
P=0.009
6.72
(0.24)
P=0.017
7.60
(0.25)
P=0.001
11.27
(0.25)
P<0.000
12.83
(0.28)
P<0.000
Weighted
9.54
(0.37)
10.58
(0.36)
14.92
(0.32)
16.88
(0.40)
7.06
(0.26)
8.06
(0.27)
11.77
(0.28)
13.37
(0.30)
Axle
Anterior 9.23
(0.23)
P=0.749
10.21
(0.33)
P=0.032
14.05
(0.30)
P<0.00
16.17
(0.42)
P<0.000
6.78
(0.24)
P=0.168
7.69
0.26)
P=0.015
11.02
(0.25)
P<0.000
12.89
(0.30)
P=0.001
Posterior
9.43
(0.39)
10.55
(0.38)
15.39
(0.33)
17.09
(0.39)
7.00
(0.26)
7.96
(0.26)
12.01
(0.28)
13.31
(0.30)
Surface Surface
Mean*
N = 39
8.89
(0.18)
p<0.000,
9.99
(0.17)
14.48
(0.17)
16.79
(0.21)
6.53
(0.13)
p<0.000,
7.49
(0.12)
11.26
(0.14)
13.31
(0.15)

Note. P values for each effect or interaction are listed in the first row of each effect or interaction. Significant P-values are in bold. Un-weighted and weighted means are from data collapsed across axle position. Anterior and posterior means are from data collapsed across weight condition. Surface means are from data collapsed across all four chair configurations. For surface pairwise comparisons, the α level was adjusted using a Holm modified Bonferonni correction to evaluate the significance level of each pairwise comparison.

Abbreviation: BW, body weight.

*

14 individuals were dropped from the analysis because they completed less than 4 cycles on the ramp in at least 1 chair configuration, resulting in missing data. This limited all analysis which included the ramp to the 39 individuals who had at least 4 cycles in each chair configuration on the ramp.

Significant main effect.

All pairwise comparisons significant, p < 0.000 for all.