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Serum TNF-α. Serum TNF-α 24 hours after induction of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture and sham procedure respectively. In Sepsis, serum TNF-α was increased compared with Sham (* P < 0.05 vs. Sham). Thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) did not ameliorate this sign of systemic inflammation. Data (n = 7 in each group) are displayed as mean ± 95% confidence interval.
