TABLE 2.

Metabolic effects of KCNQ1 rs2237895 in nondiabetic individuals from the studied populations

	n	Genotype			Additive model
		AA	AC	CC	β	SE	P
MPP
Baseline
BMI (kg/m2)	12,326	24.0 ± 3.1	24.0 ± 3.1	24.0 ± 3.0	−0.035	0.040	0.37
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)	12,328	5.41 ± 0.55	5.42 ± 0.54	5.42 ± 0.55	0.015	0.007	0.033
2-h plasma glucose (mmol/l)	6,718	6.28 ± 1.58	6.36 ± 1.65	6.36 ± 1.67	0.050	0.026	0.052
Follow-up
BMI (kg/m2)	12,271	26.9 ± 3.9	26.8 ± 3.9	26.8 ± 3.9	0.023	0.051	0.65
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)	12,327	5.44 ± 0.54	5.46 ± 0.55	5.50 ± 0.55	0.033	0.007	1.2 × 10−6
PPP-Botnia Study
BMI (kg/m2)	2,991	26.1 ± 4.0	26.2 ± 4.2	26.1 ± 4.3	0.033	0.102	0.75
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)	2,994	5.13 ± 0.53	5.17 ± 0.56	5.20 ± 0.56	0.038	0.014	0.0067
2-h plasma glucose (mmol/l)	2,976	5.08 ± 1.53	5.17 ± 1.56	5.23 ± 1.65	0.074	0.038	0.053
ISI	2,838	145 (109)	144 (111)	144 (112)	0.001	0.013	0.95
HOMA-IR	2,939	0.60 (0.50)	0.60 (0.50)	0.60 (0.50)	0.001	0.014	0.93
CIR	2,849	166 (180)	155 (158)	157 (161)	−0.048	0.019	0.013
CIR adjusted for ISI					−0.051	0.019	0.0073
DI	2,814	23,464 (27,419)	22,366 (25,013)	21,866 (24,716)	−0.052	0.021	0.013
BPS
Baseline
BMI (kg/m2)	2,123	25.8 ± 3.9	25.4 ± 3.9	25.7 ± 3.9	−0.065	0.119	0.59
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)	2,128	5.59 ± 0.58	5.49 ± 0.56	5.53 ± 0.58	−0.029	0.022	0.19
2-h plasma glucose (mmol/l)	2,128	6.10 ± 1.45	6.08 ± 1.45	6.27 ± 1.50	0.072	0.048	0.13
ISI	2,128	144 (106)	154 (114)	146 (109)	0.014	0.018	0.42
HOMA-IR	2,128	0.61 (0.42)	0.57 (0.37)	0.58 (0.43)	−0.015	0.016	0.34
CIR	2,128	118 (131)	115 (126)	96 (117)	−0.089	0.025	3.6 × 10−4
CIR adjusted for ISI					−0.083	0.024	7.2 × 10−4
DI	2,128	15,934 (19,260)	16,663 (19,049)	14,102 (16,413)	−0.075	0.027	0.0058
Follow-up
BMI (kg/m2)	2,068	26.8 ± 4.2	26.4 ± 4.0	26.8 ± 4.3	−0.051	0.136	0.71
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)	2,128	5.29 ± 0.57	5.30 ± 0.55	5.33 ± 0.60	0.032	0.018	0.077
2-h plasma glucose (mmol/l)	2,128	5.77 ± 1.76	5.85 ± 1.67	6.00 ± 1.77	0.127	0.050	0.011
ISI	2,127	101 (94)	102 (85)	96 (93)	−0.003	0.019	0.89
HOMA-IR	2,125	0.97 (0.87)	0.93 (0.76)	0.96 (0.90)	−0.010	0.018	0.58
CIR	2,128	160 (184)	142 (160)	130 (140)	−0.086	0.027	0.0018
CIR adjusted for ISI					−0.087	0.027	0.0013
DI	2,127	15,563 (21,424)	14,322 (18,304)	13,299 (17,404)	−0.089	0.030	0.0030
Meta analysis
BMI (kg/m2)							0.41
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)							0.0078
2-h plasma glucose (mmol/l)							0.0021
ISI							0.58
HOMA-IR							0.57
CIR							3.0 × 10−5
CIR adjusted for ISI							2.7 × 10−5
DI							2.5 × 10−4

Data are means ± SD or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated. β and SE from linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and within-pedigree dependence (BPS) denote the effect size by each C-allele (additive model) on phenotype. Meta-analysis includes the PPP-Botnia Study and the BPS at baseline. P values < 0.05 are in boldface.