Table 3 Association of complicating and concurrent comorbidities with the number of drugs used and type and volume of medical healthcare use.

Outcome variable	Main determinant	All		GP		DNS		MS
		β (95% CI)	p Value	β (95% CI)	p Value	β (95% CI)	p Value	β (95% CI)	p Value
Total drugs used	Complicating*	0.49 (0.40 to 0.58)	<0.001	0.63 (0.41 to 0.85)	<0.001	0.60 (0.42 to 0.79)	<0.001	0.47 (0.32 to 0.63)	<0.001
	Concurrent†	0.57 (0.42 to 0.72)	<0.001	0.56 (0.25 to 0.86)	<0.001	0.55 (0.30 to 0.79)	<0.001	0.55 (0.29 to 0.80)	<0.001
Specialties involved	Complicating*	0.31 (0.24 to 0.39)	<0.001	0.30 (0.12 to 0.47)	0.001	0.33 (0.18 to 0.49)	<0.001	0.22 (0.18 to 0.49)	<0.001
	Concurrent†	0.60 (0.48 to 0.71)	<0.001	0.52 (0.28 to 0.76)	<0.001	0.62 (0.40 to 0.84)	<0.001	0.60 (0.40 to 0.80)	<0.001
Total consultations	Complicating*	1.19 (1.15 to 1.24)	<0.001	1.23 (1.11 to 1.35)	<0.001	1.17 (1.08 to 1.26)	<0.001	1.06 (1.03 to 1.10)	<0.001
	Concurrent†	1.21 (1.14 to 1.28)	<0.001	1.20 (1.05 to 1.37)	0.008	1.23 (1.10 to 1.36)	<0.001	1.16 (1.10 to 1.22)	<0.001

β indicates increase in outcome variables per unit increase in complicating or concurrent comorbidity (main determinants); CI, confidence interval.

All analyses are adjusted for age, sex and HbA1c.

*Also adjusted for concurrent comorbidities;

†Also adjusted for complicating comorbidities.

GP, general practice; DNS, diabetes nurse specialist practice; MS medical specialist practice.