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. 2009 Oct;175(4):1410–1420. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080830

Figure 1.

Figure 1

VEGF-C and -D induce LDC cell proliferation. A: Primary LDC characteristics: expression of desmin (left) measured by flow cytometry (shaded area: fluorescence measurement by using isotype antibody; line: protein expression by using specific antibody) and α smooth muscle actin (original magnification: ×40, left; ×100, right) by immunocytochemistry. B: Adhesion assay by using primary human LDC plated on varying concentrations of VEGF-C or -D. After cell fixation and staining with crystal violet, absorbance at 595 nm was measured. C: Transwell LDC migration assay by using varying concentrations of VEGF-C or -D coating the membrane insert and 1% FCS as a chemotactic stimulus. The number of cells fixed to the undersurface of the membrane was counted in 10 hpf in 3 separate wells per condition. D: Proliferation of LDC measured as the extent of BrdU uptake in LDC grown for 24 hours on varying concentrations of growth factor as indicated. E: Proliferation assay of PASM as described above.