MMP-2, -7, -9, and -12 expression. (A) Epithelial lining fluid gelatin zymography analysis of MMP-2 and -9 activity. Concentrated BAL fluid from each of the 2 nonsmoking groups was assessed by gelatin zymography that was performed on n = 4 samples/each group . Lanes 1–4, examples of HIV1− healthy nonsmokers; lanes 5–8, HIV1− nonsmokers. (B) Western blot analysis of MMP-7 in epithelial lining fluid of nonsmokers was performed on n=5 samples/each group. Lane 1, recombinant active MMP-7 standard; lane 2, blank; lanes 3–7, examples of HIV1− healthy nonsmokers; lanes 8–12, HIV1+ nonsmokers. MMP-7 protein was not identified in the ELF of nonsmokers. (C) Western blot analysis of MMP-12 in epithelial lining fluid was performed on n=5 samples/each group. Lanes 1–5, examples of HIV1− healthy nonsmokers; lanes 6–10, HIV1+ nonsmokers. While pro-MMP-12 was detected in the ELF of all individuals, active MMP-12 (45 kDa and 22 kDa) was not observed in any samples.