TABLE 1.
Study Population and Alveolar Macrophage Samples
| Parameter | Healthy HIV1− nonsmoker | Healthy HIV1− smoker | HIV1− smoker with early emphysema | HIV1+ smoker with early emphysemaa | HIV1+ nonsmokerb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 11 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 5 |
| Sex (male/female) | 9/2 | 10/3 | 8/3 | 9/2 | 4/1 |
| Age (yr) | 44 ± 2 | 46 ± 2 | 50 ± 2 | 43 ± 1 | 44 ± 5 |
| Race (AA/C/H)a | 4/5/2 | 6/7/0 | 7/3/1 | 9/0/2 | 1/2/2 |
| Smoking history (pack-yr) | 0 | 36 ± 6 | 37 ± 6 | 37 ± 6 | 0 |
| Urine nicotine(ng/ml)b | negative | 437 ± 158 | 1366 ± 322 | 802 ± 156 | negative |
| Urine cotinine (ng/ml)b | negative | 1336 ± 220 | 1397 ± 498 | 1514 ± 259 | negative |
| Blood carboxyhemoglobin (%)c | N.D.e | 3 ± 1 | 3 ± 0 | 3 ± 1 | 0.5 ± 0.4 |
| Pulmonary function parametersd | |||||
| FVC | 102 ± 5 | 109 ± 3 | 100 ± 3 | 93 ± 4 | 111 ± 5 |
| FEV1 | 104 ± 4 | 104 ± 3 | 94 ± 4 | 94 ± 5 | 110 ± 7 |
| FEV1/FVC | 81 ± 3 | 81 ± 3 | 77 ± 2 | 81 ± 1 | 81 ± 3 |
| TLC | 110 ± 7 | 99 ± 4 | 92 ± 4 | 86 ± 4 | 106 ± 4 |
| DLCO | 93 ± 5 | 94 ± 2 | 63 ± 3 | 63 ± 2 | 96 ± 3 |
| BAL cells7 | |||||
| Total number recovered (×10f) | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.6 |
| % viability | 98.9 ± 0.0 | 99 ± 0.3 | 98 ± 0.5 | 97 ± 0.4 | 98 ± 0.6 |
| % lymphocytes | 8.7 ± 2.8 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 9.3 ± 1.4 | 4.1 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 0.4 |
| % alveolar macrophages | 88.8 ± 2.6 | 93.9 ± 1.2 | 89.0 ± 1.7 | 91.4 ± 1.4 | 96 ± 0.7 |
| % polymorphonuclear cells | 0 ± 0 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
| % epithelial cells | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.8 |
Demographic characteristics of subjects for whom data was obtained; bronchoalveolar lavage cell differentials at the bottom of the table represent the samples used to obtain the data; all data are mean ± se. a AA, African-American; C, Caucasian; H, Hispanic. b Urine nicotine and cotinine >200 = active smoker, 50–200 = passive smoker; <50 nonsmoker; data represent the mean of two determinations on the days of screening and bronchoscopy. c Blood carboxyhemoglobin is a secondary marker of current smoking status; nonsmokers <1.5%. d Pulmonary function parameters included: FVC, forced vital capacity (% predicted); FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s FEV1/FVC (% observed); TLC, total capacity (% predicted); DLCO, diffusion capacity (% predicted). e N.D., not determined. f Cell differential prior to alveolar macrophage purification. g Individual plasma HIV1 viral loads: <50 (n=5); 600 (n=2); 3300; 23,000; 55,025; 308,000. h Individual plasma HIV1 viral loads: <50 (n=2); 693; 16,000; unknown (n=1).