Table 1.
Representative Measures from Middle and High School Periods
| Construct and Wave | Assessment Instrument | Respondent | Number of items | Sample item | Cronbach’s alpha | Pearson corr. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antisocial Behavior and Association | |||||||
| Wave 3 (Grade 6) | Mean of Antisocial Behavior and Deviant Peer Association | .73 | |||||
| Wave 7 (Grade 10) | Mean of Antisocial Behavior and Deviant Peer Association | .78 | |||||
| Antisocial Behavior | |||||||
| Wave 3 (Grade 6) | Construct | .88 | |||||
| Home Observations, Family Process Code | Coder | 16 | Mean of 16 negative behavior category duration proportions | ||||
| Home Observer Impressions | Observer | 4 | Youth demonstrated a hostile, arrogant, noncompliant attitude toward mother | .83 | |||
| Child Behavior Checklist, Overt | M,F | 7,7 | Gets in many fights | .79,.79 | .59 | ||
| Child Behavior Checklist, Covert | M,F | 8,7 | Steals at home | .69,.77 | .51 | ||
| OCAQ questionnaire, Overt | M,F | 11,10 | Talks back to an adult | .86,.89 | .69 | ||
| OCAQ questionnaire, Covert | M,F | 21,26 | Takes off without permission | .83,.84 | .60 | ||
| Telephone Interview, Overt | Parent | 7 | In the last 24 hrs, did your son scream or yell? | .79 | |||
| Peers Questionnaire | M,F | 1,1 | How often does your son get in conflicts with other kids around the home? | .31 | |||
| Child Behavior Checklist, Overt | Teacher | 11 | Argues a lot | .92 | |||
| Child Behavior Checklist, Covert | Teacher | 8 | Lying or cheating | .85 | |||
| Teacher Peer Social Skills Questionnaire | Teacher | 1 | How often does he exert negative influence on his friends? | ||||
| Interview, Overt | Youth | 9 | How often do you hit or threaten to hit? | .80 | |||
| Interview, Covert | Youth | 24 | How often do you make excuses to get out of trouble? | .87 | |||
| Telephone Interview, Overt | Youth | 8 | In the last 24 hrs, did you tease anyone? | .89 | |||
| Interview, Impressions | Interviewer | 1 | How likely is it that this boy will have future trouble with the police? | ||||
| Wave 7 (Grade 10) | Construct | .74 | |||||
| Agent Indicator | Parent | .74 | |||||
| Child Behavior Checklist, Overt | M,F | 7,7 | Disobedient at home | .82,.74 | .65 | ||
| Child Behavior Checklist, Covert | M,F | 8,8 | Destroys others things | .84,.87 | .73 | ||
| Peers Questionnaire | M,F | 1,1 | How often does your son get in conflicts with other kids around the home? | .24 | |||
| Agent Indicator | Teacher | .87 | |||||
| Child Behavior Checklist, Overt | Teacher | 11 | Cruelty, bullying, meanness to others | .93 | |||
| Child Behavior Checklist, Covert | Teacher | 8 | Lying or cheating | .86 | |||
| Teacher Peer Social Skills Questionnaire | Teacher | 1 | How often does he exert negative influence on his friends? | ||||
| Interview, Impressions | Interviewer | 1 | How likely is it that this boy will have future trouble with the police? | ||||
| Deviant Peer Association | |||||||
| Wave 3 (Grade 6) | Construct | .67 | |||||
| Child Behavior Checklist | M,F | 1,1 | Hangs out with kids who get in trouble | .41 | |||
| OCAQ Questionnaire | M,F | 2,2 | Does your son hang out with kids who steal? | MF r = .33 | .07,.22 | ||
| Child Behavior Checklist and | Teacher | 1+3 | Does this student associate with kids involved in stealing or vandalism? | .90 | |||
| Teacher Peer Social Skills Questionnaire (TPRSK) | |||||||
| Interview and Describing Friends Questionnaire | Youth | 7+9 | During the last year, how many of your friends stole something worth <$5? | .80 | |||
| Wave 7 (Grade 10) | Construct | .76 | |||||
| Child Behavior Checklist and Peers Questionnaire | M,F | 1+2,1+2 | Hangs out with kids who get in trouble | .83,.84 | .71 | ||
| Child Behavior Checklist and TPRSK Questionnaire | Teacher | 1+3 | Does this student associate with kids involved in stealing or vandalism? | .92 | |||
| Interview and Describing Friends Questionnaire | Youth | 10+5 | During the past year, how many of your friends stole something worth <$5? | .86 | |||
| Depressive Symptoms | |||||||
| Wave 3 (Grade 6) | Construct | .62 | |||||
| Child Behavior Checklist | M,F | 8,8 | Feels or complains that no one loves him | .76,.73 | .48 | ||
| Child Behavior Checklist | Teacher | 8 | Unhappy, sad or depressed. | .67 | |||
| Home Observation, Impressions | Observer | 1 | Boy seemed sad, down or depressed | ||||
| Child Depression Rating Scale | Youth | 18 | I feel so sad I can hardly stand it. | .76 | |||
| Telephone Interview | Parent | 1 | In the last three days, was your son depressed? | ||||
| Telephone Interview | Youth | 1 | In the last three days, have you been sad, down or depressed? | ||||
| Wave 7 (Grade 10) | CESD-D | Youth | 20 | During the past week, I felt sad. | .86 | ||
| Peer Alcohol Use | |||||||
| Wave 3 (Grade 6) | Construct | .46 | |||||
| Interview | Youth | 6 | How often do your friends usually drink? | .88 | |||
| Describing Friends Questionnaire | Youth | 1 | In the last year, have you seen kids around your age drinking alcohol? | ||||
| Wave 7 (Grade 10) | Construct | .47 | |||||
| Interview | Youth | 8 | How often do your friends usually drink? | .87 | |||
| Describing Friends Questionnaire | Youth | 1 | In the last year, have you seen kids around your age drinking alcohol? | ||||
| Parent Monitoring | |||||||
| Wave 3 (Grade 6) | Construct | .62 | |||||
| Interview | Mother | 5 | How often is an adult home within 1 hr. after school? | .64 | |||
| Interview | Youth | 5 | Before going out, how often do you tell your parents when you will be back? | .64 | |||
| Telephone Interview | Parent | 2 | In the last 24 hrs., did you talk to your son about what he did today? | .11 | |||
| Telephone Interview | Youth | 2 | During the last 24 hrs., did your parents talk to you about your plans for tomorrow? | .58 | |||
| Interview, Impressions | Interviewer | 3 | How carefully does this parent monitor the child? | .60 | |||
| Wave 7 (Grade 10) | Construct | .75 | |||||
| Interview, Parent Monitoring | M,F | 12,15 | On the average, how many hours per week is your son alone or with siblings only? | .82,.79 | .73 | ||
| Interview, Impressions | Interviewer | 1,1 | This parent seemed to monitor the child carefully. | .77 | |||
| Interview | Youth | 9 | Your parents let you go any place you please without asking. | .79 | |||
| Interview, Impressions | Interviewer | 1 | This boy seems to be well supervised by his parents. | ||||
| Parent Discipline | |||||||
| Wave 3 (Grade 6) | Construct | .76 | |||||
| Interview, Parent Monitoring | M,F | 10,10 | How often is your son able to get out of a punishment when he really sets his mind to it? | .80,.79 | .48 | ||
| Telephone Interview | Parent | 1 | Did he do anything (in last 3 days) that he should have been disciplined for (but wasn’t)? | ||||
| Home Observations, Impressions | Observer | 7,7 | Mother seemed to discipline child well. | .90,.88 | .83 | ||
| Interview, Impressions | Interviewer | 1,1 | How would you rate this parent on discipline? | .62 | |||
| Home Observations, Family Process Code | Coder | 1,1 | Nattering | .36 | |||
| Interview, Impressions | Interviewer | 1 | Did the child seem to be well disciplined by his parents? | ||||
| Wave 5 (Grade 8) | Construct | .59 | |||||
| Problem-Solving Task, Family Process Coder | |||||||
| Impressions | Coder | .59 | |||||
| of Mother discipline | Coder | 2 | M .65 | ||||
| of Father discipline | Coder | 3 | .64 | ||||
| Global family ratings | Coder | 3 | .64 | ||||
| Interview | Youth | 5 | How often do your parents agree on how to punish you? | .59 | |||
| Problem-Solving Task, Family Process Code, M,F | Coder | Rate per minute: aversive codes in any valence and neutral codes in negative valence | .45 | ||||
| Parent Alcohol Use | Indicator | ||||||
| Wave 3 (Grade 6) | Substance Use Questionnaire | M,F | 1,1 | How often do you drink alcohol? | .50 | ||
| Wave 7 (Grade 10) | Substance Use Questionnaire | M,F | 1,1 | How often do you drink alcohol? | .43 | ||
Note. M = mother, F = father