Table 1.
Twelve-month Prevalence of Non-prescription use of Prescription Pain Relievers among Adults Aged 50 or Older in 2005–2006: By Demographic, Substance Use, and Health Variables
| (N = 10,953) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Study variables | Study Sample |
Non-prescription use |
| % (N) | % (SE) | |
| Age in years | ||
| 50-64 | 59.9 (6717) | 1.9 (0.23)* |
| 65 or older |
41.1 (4236) |
0.6 (0.16) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 46.1 (4952) | 1.7 (0.23)† |
| Female |
53.9 (6001) |
1.1 (0.17) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White | 77.9 (8551) | 1.3 (0.16)* |
| African American | 9.6 (997) | 1.1 (0.34) |
| American Indian or Alaska native | 0.4 (121) | 9.0 (4.08) |
| Asian, Pacific Islander, or native Hawaiian | 3.2 (258) | 1.6 (0.95) |
| Multiple race | 1.1 (217) | 0.2 (0.12) |
| Hispanic |
7.8 (809) |
1.9 (0.65) |
| Educational status | ||
| Less than high school | 18.1 (2030) | 2.2 (0.49) |
| High school graduate | 32.4 (3705) | 1.0 (0.20) |
| College or more |
49.5 (5218) |
1.3 (0.21) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 64.1 (6844) | 1.2 (0.18) |
| Separated, divorced, or widowed | 30.7 (3442) | 1.6 (0.26) |
| Never married |
5.3 (667) |
2.1 (0.71) |
| Current employment status | ||
| Employed | 50.0 (5623) | 1.6 (0.24) |
| Not employed |
50.0 (5330) |
1.1 (0.17) |
| Total annual family income | ||
| $0–$39,999 | 43.8 (5067) | 1.6 (0.22) |
| $40,000–$74,999 | 28.9 (3218) | 1.1 (0.21) |
| $75,000+ |
27.3 (2668) |
1.3 (0.29) |
| Population density | ||
| Large metro areas | 50.0 (4379) | 1.4 (0.23) |
| Small metro areas | 41.9 (5334) | 1.5 (0.19) |
| Non-metro areas |
8.2 (1240) |
0.8 (0.33) |
| Past year alcohol use | ||
| Yes | 60.0 (6564) | 1.7 (0.20)* |
| No |
40.0 (4389) |
0.9 (0.19) |
| Past year marijuana use | ||
| Yes | 2.6 (290) | 10.7 (2.27)* |
| No |
97.4 (10663) |
1.1 (0.14) |
| Past year major depressive episode1 | ||
| Yes | 4.9 (601) | 2.9 (0.72)† |
| No |
95.1 (10259) |
1.3 (0.16) |
| Perceived health status | ||
| Excellent/good | 79.9 (8687) | 1.3 (0.17) |
| Fair/poor |
20.1 (2262) |
1.8 (0.35) |
| Past year cirrhosis1 | ||
| Yes | 0.2 (20) | 0 |
| No |
99.8 (10856) |
1.3 (0.14) |
| Past year heart disease1 | ||
| Yes | 9.5 (1003) | 0.9 (0.28) |
| No |
90.5 (9864) |
1.4 (0.16) |
| Past year lung cancer1 | ||
| Yes | 0.2 (19) | 0 |
| No |
99.8 (10857) |
1.3 (0.14) |
| Past year pancreatitis1 | ||
| Yes | 0.3 (34) | 0 |
| No |
99.7 (10842) |
1.3 (0.14) |
| Past year ulcer1 | ||
| Yes | 1.4 (162) | 0 |
| No |
98.6 (10714) |
1.4 (0.14) |
| Survey year | ||
| 2005 | 49.1 (5123) | 1.5 (0.23) |
| 2006 | 50.9 (5830) | 1.2 (0.19) |
1
Missing data (< 1%) were excluded.
S.E.: standard error.
χ2 test:
†
p < 0.05
*
p < 0.01.
Due to multiple comparisons, only variables with a p-value less than 0.01 were considered statistically significant.