Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the WACS Cognitive Cohort
| Vitamin E | Vitamin C | β-Carotene | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Placebo | Active | Placebo | Active | Placebo | |
| (n=1428) | (n=1396) | (n=1406) | (n=1418) | (n=1406) | (n=1418) | |
| Characteristics * | Mean (SD; range) | Mean (SD; range) | Mean (SD; range) | Mean (SD; range) | Mean (SD; range) | Mean (SD; range) |
| 69.1 | 69.0 | 69.0 | 69.1 | 69.1 | 69.0 | |
| Age at randomization, years | ||||||
| (4.3; 62.6–87.4) | (4.2; 62.6–87.9) | (4.2; 62.6–86.9) | (4.3; 62.6–87.9) | (4.3; 62.6–87.9) | (4.2; 62.6–87.6) | |
| 72.6 | 72.5 | 72.5 | 72.6 | 72.6 | 72.5 | |
| Age at initial cognitive assessment, years | ||||||
| (4.3; 66.1–90.9) | (4.2; 66.1–91.3) | (4.2; 66.1–90.5) | (4.3; 66.1–91.3) | (4.3; 66.2–91.3) | (4.2; 66.1–91.2) | |
| 132.7 | 117.2 | 123.2 | 126.9 | 129.2 | 121.0 | |
| Total vitamin E intake (mg/day) | ||||||
| (204.6; 1.5–864.8) | (184.1; 1.24–884.1.5) | (193.8; 1.24–864.8) | (195.9; 1.39–884.1) | (198.3; 1.4–864.8) | (191.4; 1.2–884.1) | |
| 245.9 | 248.7 | 247.6 | 247.0 | 248.1 | 246.6 | |
| Total vitamin C intake (mg/day) | ||||||
| (214.2; 34.1–1793.9) | (229.8; 25.1–1890.9) | (228.1; 25.1–1890.9) | (215.88; 28.1–1793.8) | (218.8; 25.1–1775.3) | (225.2; 27.9–1890.9) | |
| 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 6.6 | |
| Total carotenoid intake (mg/day) | ||||||
| (5.1; 0.4 –74.5) | (4.6; 0.1 –35.4) | (5.2; 0.4 –74.5) | (4.5; 0.1 –35.4) | (5.0; 0.4 –74.5) | (4.8; 0.1 –41.8) | |
| 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | |
| Total Alcohol intake (g/day) | ||||||
| (8.1; 0 – 66.7) | (8.7; 0 – 85.7) | (8.5; 0 – 83.9) | (8.3; 0 – 85.7) | (8.3; 0 – 85.7) | (8.5; 0 –72.4) | |
| 862.9 | 938.4 | 890.5 | 909.8 | 901.8 | 898.6 | |
| Total Physical Activity (kcal/week) | ||||||
| (1086.4; 0–14,669.3) | (1240.0; 0 – 19017.4) | (1109.2; 0–14669.3) | (1218.5; 0 – 19017.4) | (1208.4; 0 – 19017.4) | (1121.1; 0 – 14669.3) | |
| 28.6 | 28.7 | 28.7 | 28.7 | 28.6 | 28.8 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
| (5.6; 15.9 – 56.7) | (5.7; 15.4 – 58.6) | (5.6; 15.4 – 56.7) | (5.7; 15.5 – 58.6) | (5.8; 15.4 – 54.9) | (5.6; 16.0–58.6) | |
| Percent | Percent | Percent | Percent | Percent | Percent | |
| Highest attained education | ||||||
| LPVN/AD/RN † | 71.1 | 69.4 | 69.9 | 70.6 | 70.7 | 69.9 |
| BA/MA/DR † | 28.9 | 30.6 | 30.1 | 29.4 | 29.4 | 30.1 |
| Current cigarette smoking | 9.9 | 9.7 | 10.2 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 9.5 |
| History of MI | 19.4 ‡ | 22.8 | 21.2 | 21.1 | 21.7 | 20.6 |
| History of Stroke | 9.0 | 8.3 | 9.7 § | 7.6 | 9.0 | 8.3 |
| History of Revascularization Surgery | 21.8 | 20.2 | 21.9 | 20.1 | 21.8 | 20.2 |
| History of Angina | 45.0 | 44.5 | 44.5 | 45.0 | 43.9 | 45.6 |
| History of Transient Ischemic Attack | 15.2 | 15.5 | 15.2 | 15.5 | 15.2 | 15.5 |
| History of Diabetes | 18.1 | 17.1 | 17.0 | 18.2 | 17.7 | 17.5 |
| History of Hypertension | 77.3 | 78.0 | 77.7 | 77.6 | 79.6 ║ | 75.7 |
| History of Hyperlipidemia | 72.9 | 76.7 | 74.2 | 75.3 | 72.8 ║ | 76.7 |
*
Characteristics as of randomization
†
LPVN: Licensed practical or vocational nurse; AD: Associate’s degree; RN: Registered nurse; BA: Bachelor’s degree; MA: Master’s degree; DR: Doctoral degree
‡
p<0.05 for the difference between vitamin E active group and placebo
§
p<0.05 for the difference between vitamin C active group and placebo
║
p<0.05 for the difference between β-carotene active group and placebo