Table 3.

Mean differences in cognitive change over follow–up for each antioxidant ^*

VITAMIN E		VITAMIN C		β–CAROTENE
Mean difference in change in score		Mean difference in change in score		Mean difference in change in score
[Active Group – Placebo Group]	p-value	[Active Group – Placebo Group]	p-value	[Active Group – Placebo Group]	p-value
(95% CI)		(95% CI)		(95% CI)
PRIMARY ENDPOINT: Global score (difference in change associated with being 1 year older = −0.03)
−0.01 (−0.05, 0.04)	0.78	0.02 (−0.03, 0.07)	0.39	0.03 (−0.02, 0.07)	0.28
KEY SECONDARY ENDPOINT: Verbal memory score† (difference in change associated with being 1 year older = −0.03)
−0.03 (−0.08, 0.03)	0.33	0.03 (−0.03, 0.08)	0.32	0.01 (−0.04, 0.07)	0.61
TICS score† (difference in change associated with being 1 year older = −0.03)
−0.01 (−0.24, 0.23)	0.96	0.08 (−0.15, 0.32)	0.49	0.20 (−0.03, 0.44)	0.09
Category fluency score (difference in change associated with being 1 year older = −0.03)
0.11 (−0.22, 0.44)	0.52	0.06 (−0.27, 0.39)	0.70	0.16 (−0.17, 0.49)	0.36

^*From longitudinal linear models of adjusted mean cognitive change. “Cognitive change” is defined as the follow-up score minus the baseline score, with negative values indicating worsened scores. “Mean difference in change in score” is defined as the cognitive change in the active group minus the cognitive change in the placebo group, with negative values indicating an adverse effect of the active agent.

^†Same footnotes as Table 2