Table 3.
Results adjusted for potentially confounding variables
| Unadjusted z (psvc) | Age z (psvc) | Combat Severitya z (psvc) | Traumatic Eventsb z (psvc) | MAST Scorec z (psvc) | Childhood Abused z (psvc) | SCL-90-R Depressione z (psvc) | Brain Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combat-Exposed Twins: PTSD vs. non-PTSD | |||||||
| 4.50 (0.001) | 4.43 (0.001) | 3.23 (0.05) | 3.98 (0.005) | 3.39 (0.02) | 3.19 (0.04) | 2.07 (0.49) | right mid insula [44 −2 −14] |
| 4.39 (0.001) | 4.36 (0.001) | 3.05 (0.11) | 4.11 (0.004) | 4.63 (<0.001) | 3.56 (0.04) | 1.52 (0.99) | right hippocampus [34 −28 −16] |
| 3.95 (0.005) | 3.98 (0.005) | 3.32 (0.03) | 3.06 (0.07) | 3.26 (0.04) | 3.63 (0.01) | 2.15 (0.44) | left anterior insula [−36 10 −4] |
| 3.71 (0.004) | 3.59 (0.009) | 2.50 (0.18) | 2.79 (0.08) | 2.40 (0.14) | 2.92 (0.03) | 0.93 (0.99) | pregenual anterior cingulate cortex [0 46 10] |
| Diagnosis × Combat Exposure Interaction | |||||||
| 3.32 (0.02) | 3.39 (0.02) | 3.32 (0.02)f | 2.76 (0.10) | 2.77 (0.10) | 3.42 (0.01) | 1.81 (0.53) | pregenual anterior cingulate cortex [8 50 12] |
psvc = significance level with small volume correction
a
18-item measure (range 0–18)
b
Number of potentially traumatic lifetime non-combat events
c
Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (range 0–25)
d
Deleting 6 PTSD pairs and 5 non-PTSD pairs within which either twin had a history of childhood abuse
e
Depression subscale of Symptom Check List 90-Revised
f
Covariate is value in combat-exposed twin