Table 1. Prevalences values (and CI95) of S. haematobium infection (microscopy), micro-haematuria (urine-reagent strip), macro-haematuria (visual blood in urine), turbid urine (urine visual opacity), raised urine-albumin (HemoCue) and urinary tract pathologies (ultrasonography) in school-children enrolled in Chaani, Kinyasini, and Mwera schools, and adult males attending the Chaani Health Centre, Unguja, Zanzibar.
| Condition | School-children, both sexes (9–15 yr) | Adult males (≥16 yr) | |||
| Chaani (N = 60) | Kinyasini (N = 36) | Mwera (N = 44) | All schools (N = 140) | Health Centre (N = 47) | |
| Urinary schistosomiasis (egg positive) | 26.7 (16.1–39.7) | 72.2 (54.8–85.8) | 20.5 (9.8–35.3) | 36.4 (28.5–45.0) | 46.8 (32.1–61.9) |
| Light (1–10) | 5.0 (1.0–13.9) | 11.1 (3.1–26.1) | 9.1 (2.5–21.7) | 7.9 (4.0–13.6) | 17.0 (7.7–30.8) |
| Moderate (11–49) | 13.3 (5.9–24.6) | 19.4 (8.2–36.0) | 6.8 (1.4–18.7) | 12.9 (7.8–19.6) | 10.6 (3.6–23.1) |
| Heavy (≥50) | 8.4 (2.8–18.4) | 41.7 (25.5–59.2) | 4.6 (0.6–15.5) | 15.7 (10.1–22.8) | 19.2 (9.2–33.3) |
| Micro-haematuria | 33.3 (21.7–46.7) | 83.3 (67.2–93.6) | 18.2 (8.2–32.7) | 41.4 (33.2–50.1) | 59.6 (44.3–73.6) |
| Macro-haematuria | 11.7 (4.8–22.6) | 8.3 (1.8–22.5) | 2.3 (0.1–12.2) | 7.9 (4.0–13.6) | 4.3 (0.5–14.5) |
| Turbid urine | 38.3 (26.1–51.8) | 63.9 (46.2–79.2) | 18.2 (8.2–32.7) | 38.6 (30.5–47.2) | 51.1 (36.1–65.9) |
| Raised urine-albumin (>40 mg/L) | 31.7 (20.3–45.0) | 58.3 (40.8–74.5) | 15.9 (6.6–30.1) | 33.6 (25.8–42.0) | 27.7 (15.6–42.6) |
| Urinary tract pathologies | 29.3 (18.1–42.7) | 75.0 (56.6–88.5) | 26.2 (13.9–42.0) | 39.4 (31.0–48.3) | 64.4 (48.8–78.1) |
Prevalence categories are classified according to the number of eggs per 10 ml urine.