Table 2. Number (#) and prevalence (%) of pathologies (UTPs) recorded, in school-children of both sexes (9–15 yr) attending Chaani, Kinyasini and Mwera schools, and adult males (≥16 yr) attending Chaani Health Centre, via ultrasonography in the different tissues of the human urinary tract (bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis) associated with urinary schistosomiasis, Unguja, Zanzibar.
| UTPs | Chaani (N = 58) | Kinyasini (N = 32) | Mwera (N = 42) | All schools (N = 132) | Health Centre (N = 45) | ||||||
| Tissue | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | |
| Bladder | Irregular shape | 1 | 1.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.8 | 9 | 20.0 |
| Wall thickness | 9 | 15.5 | 6 | 18.8 | 2 | 4.8 | 17 | 12.9 | 5 | 11.1 | |
| Wall irregularities | 9 | 15.5 | 21 | 65.6 | 8 | 19.0 | 38 | 28.8 | 14 | 31.1 | |
| Masses | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 9.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 2.3 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Pseudopolyps | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Positive score | 16 | 27.6 | 24 | 75.0 | 9 | 21.4 | 49 | 37.1 | 24 | 53.3 | |
| Ureters | Pathology in right ureter | 2 | 3.4 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 2.3 | 4 | 8.9 |
| Pathology in left ureter | 4 | 6.9 | 1 | 3.1 | 2 | 4.8 | 7 | 5.3 | 5 | 11.1 | |
| Positive score | 4 | 6.9 | 2 | 6.3 | 2 | 4.8 | 8 | 6.1 | 6 | 13.3 | |
| Renal Pelvis | Right hand side | 1 | 1.7 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 1.5 | 3 | 6.7 |
| Left hand side | 3 | 5.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 2.3 | 3 | 6.7 | |
| Positive score | 4 | 6.9 | 1 | 3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 3.8 | 4 | 8.9 | |
| Tissue walls | Calcification | 1 | 1.7 | 4 | 12.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 3.8 | 6 | 13.3 |
| Overall positive score | 17 | 29.3 | 24 | 75.0 | 11 | 26.2 | 52 | 39.4 | 29 | 64.4 | |
An overall, binomial score was attributed to the pathological state of individual tissues (positive score), as well as the urinary tract system as a whole (overall positive score), denoting the prevalence of any identifiable pathology according to WHO (1991) standardized methodology.