Table 1.
Characteristics of 48 subjects undergoing infant heart surgery who had magnetic resonance imaging at one year, according to diagnosis group.
| Variable | ALL (N=48) | TGA (N=19) | TOF (N=20) | VSD (N=9) | P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative Characteristics | |||||
| Birth weight, mean ± SD (kg) | 3.4±0.5 | 3.6±0.6 | 3.3±0.5 | 3.4±0.5 | .32 |
| Gestational age, mean ± SD (wk) | 39.2±1.3 | 39.0±1.2 | 39.3±1.1 | 39.2±1.8 | .56 |
| Apgar score at 5 min, mean ± SD | 8.5±1.2 | 8.2±1.7 | 8.7±0.7 | 8.9±0.3 | .24 |
| Sex, % male | 58 | 63 | 50 | 67 | .64 |
| Race, % nonwhite | 21 | 16 | 15 | 44 | .19 |
| Age at surgery, median (range) (days) | 41 (2–264) | 6 (2–13) | 63 (2–198) | 156 (39–264) | <.001 |
| Intubated prior to surgeryb, % | 10 | 21 | 5 | 0 | .19 |
| Abnormal neurologic exam, n/total (%) | 17/36 (47) | 8/15 (53) | 5/13 (38) | 4/8 (50) | .70 |
| Operative characteristics, mean ± SD | |||||
| Cross clamp time (min) | 64±26 | 90±21 | 49±10 | 44±11 | <.001 |
| Total support time (min) | 103±35 | 140±25 | 82±11 | 72±13 | <.001 |
| Total bypass time (min) | 96±30 | 124±26 | 80±12 | 72±13 | <.001 |
| Low-flow bypass time (min) | 48±26 | 70±24 | 33±16 | 33±16 | <.001 |
| Duration of circulatory arrest (min) | 7±11 | 16±11 | 3±7 | 0±0 | <.001 |
| Hematocrit at onset of low-flow bypass (%) | 28.5±5.3 | 28.0±5.2 | 28.0±5.4 | 30.4±5.9 | .47 |
| Nadir temperature (°C) | 20.0±5.6 | 15.2±1.4 | 21.7±5.4 | 26.3±1.7 | <.001 |
| Lowest pCO2 (mm Hg) | 32.6±5.1 | 32.6±5.1 | 32.5±5.0 | 33.0±5.9 | .98 |
| Highest pCO2 (mm Hg) | 76.0±15.0 | 86.0±12.4 | 71.0±14.5 | 65.9±8.6 | <.001 |
| Lowest pO2 (mm Hg) | 90.3±80.4 | 47.8±13.1 | 103.1±95.9 | 151.7±82.4 | <.001 |
| Postoperative variables | |||||
| Lactate 60 min after bypass, mean ± SD | 2.7±1.5 | 3.9±1.5 | 2.1±0.9 | 1.7±0.7 | <.001 |
| PRISM III Score, mean ± SD | |||||
| 12 h Postoperative | 5.5±3.3 | 6.2±2.2 | 6.2±3.8 | 2.3±1.8 | .001 |
| 24 h Postoperative | 7.4±3.8 | 8.1±2.5 | 8.5±4.5 | 3.7±2.2 | .002 |
| Lowest PaCO2, mean ± SD | 33.6±4.5 | 31.0±3.9 | 34.1±4.1 | 37.5±3.7 | .002 |
| Lowest pO2, mean ± SD | 75.9±23.9 | 88.4±23.2 | 63.8±20.9 | 78.0±19.8 | .003 |
| Days intubated, median (interquartile range) | 1.7 (1.1–2.9) | 2.0 (1.2–3.6) | 2.0 (1.2–2.9) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | .002 |
| Follow-up Data at One Year | |||||
| Abnormal neurologic exam, n/total (%) | 28/48 (58) | 7/19 (37) | 14/20 (70) | 7/9 (78) | .06 |
| Psychomotor Developmental Index, mean ± SD | 85.8±16.3 | 84.8±14.9 | 86.5±19.7 | 86.3±11.9 | .95 |
| Mental Developmental Index, mean ± SD | 94.7±11.3 | 96.6±10.2 | 93.9±13.3 | 92.3±8.5 | .61 |
a
P values are for differences between diagnostic groups. For dichotomous variables, P values were determined by exact tests. For Psychomotor Developmental Index and Mental Developmental Index, P values were determined by analysis of variance. For all other continuous variables, P values were determined by Kruskal-Wallis tests.
b
Excludes patients who were transiently intubated prior to surgery.
TGA, D-transposition of the great arteries. TOF, Tetralogy of Fallot. VSD, ventral septal defect.