Table 2.

Associations of kidney disease with mortality among 691 CHS participants with diabetes

	Total mortality				CV mortality
	Events (n)	Mortality rate*	Relative risk		Events (n)	Mortality rate*	Relative risk
			Model 1†	Model 2‡			Model 1†	Model 2‡
Cystatin C–estimated GFR
≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2	217	6.0	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	94	2.6	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2	161	12.2	1.81 (1.45–2.25)	1.73 (1.37–2.18)	75	5.7	2.00 (1.45–2.77)	1.71 (1.21–2.42)
Per 10 ml/min per 1.73 m2 lower estimated GFR			1.23 (1.15–1.30)	1.22 (1.14–1.30)			1.26 (1.15–1.38)	1.21 (1.10–1.33)
MDRD-estimated GFR
≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2	276	6.9	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	125	3.1	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2	102	11.0	1.62 (1.28–2.04)	1.54 (1.21–1.97)	44	4.7	1.56 (1.10–2.22)	1.36 (0.94–1.96)
Per 10 ml/min per 1.73 m2 lower estimated GFR			1.13 (1.08–1.18)	1.12 (1.07–1.17)			1.14 (1.06–1.22)	1.11 (1.03–1.18)
Loss of cystatin C–estimated GFR§
<3 ml/min per 1.73 m2/year	271	7.0	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	113	2.9	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
≥3 ml/min per 1.73 m2/year	107	10.4	1.66 (1.30–2.11)	1.57 (1.22–2.01)	56	5.5	2.07 (1.46–2.92)	1.85 (1.29–2.65)
Per ml/min per 1.73 m2/year decrease in estimated GFR			1.07 (1.02–1.12)	1.06 (1.01–1.10)			1.10 (1.04–1.17)	1.07 (1.01–1.13)
Urine ACR
<30 mg/g	214	6.0	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	86	2.4	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
≥30 mg/g	164	12.0	1.88 (1.52–2.32)	1.73 (1.39–2.17)	83	6.1	2.32 (1.70–3.18)	1.96 (1.40–2.73)
Per doubling			1.22 (1.15–1.30)	1.18 (1.10–1.26)			1.32 (1.20–1.45)	1.24 (1.12–1.37)

*Per 100 person-years.

†Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, and race.

‡Model 2 adjusted for age, sex, race, diabetes duration, hypoglycemic medications, hypertension, BMI, smoking, total cholesterol, lipid-lowering medications, prevalent cardiovascular disease, and prevalent congestive heart failure.

§Loss of glomerular filtration rate estimated from serum cystatin C over the 7 years preceding ascertainment of mortality. ref, referent.