| Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines: |
Soluble factors modulating innate and adaptive immune response |
| IL-4 |
B-cell growth factor, ‘Th2’cytokine |
| IL-10 |
B-cell survival and proliferation, ‘Th2’. Generally antagonistic to TNFα |
| IL-12 |
Stimulates production of IFN-γ and TNFα, ‘Th1’ |
| TNFα |
Stimulates systemic inflammation, regulates apoptosis, neutrophil chemoattractant |
| IFNγ |
Proinflammatory cytokine, stimulates IL-12 and TNFα, antagonistic to IL-4, ‘Th1’ |
| FAS |
‘Death receptor’, induces apoptosis |
| Circulating immunocytes: |
Peripheral markers of immune homeostasis |
| Lymph |
T and B Lymphocytes, NK cells and monocytes |
| CD4 |
Cell surface marker for T helper cells (lymph subset) |
| CD8 |
Cell surface marker for cytotoxic T cells (lymph subset) |
| CD25 |
Cell surface marker for activated T cells (both CD4 and CD8) and T regulatory cells |
| Neutr |
Neutrophils; granular leukocytes, phagocytic. (innate immune system) |
