TABLE 2.
Overview of literature describing production of PHAs from glycerol by bacteria
| Bacterium | Cultivation vessel, fermentation strategy | Mediuma | Cultivation temp (°C) | Cultivation time (h) | Cell density (g CDW/liter) | PHA content (% [wt/wt]) | Type of PHA | PHA concn (g/liter) | PHA productivity (g/liter/h) | Yield (g PHA/g substrate) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methylobacterium rhodesianum MB-126 | 2.5-liter bioreactor (batch) | 5.0-7.5% Gly, 3% Cas-Pep or Cas A | 30 | 45 | 21-22 | 50 | PHB | 13.50/8.40 | 0.223 | 0.17 | 4 |
| Ralstonia eutropha DSM 11348 | 2.5-liter bioreactor (batch) | 5.0-7.5% Gly, 3% Cas-Pep or Cas A | 30 | 67/45 | 12-32 | 47/65 | PHB | 17.00 | 0.254 | 0.17 | 4 |
| Recombinant E. coli JM109 harboring genomic DNA fragment from Streptomyces aureofaciens NRRL 2209 | Flask culture | BM, 0.5% YE, 0.5% Pep, 1% Gly | 37 | 40 | 60 | PHB | 37 | ||||
| Recombinant E. coli (ATCC PTA-1579) harboring Streptomyces aureofaciens PHB biosynthesis genes | 250-ml flask | BM, 0.5% YE, 0.5% Pep, 1% Gly | 37 | 48 | 8 | 60 | PHB | 4.80 | 0.100 | 31 | |
| Pseudomonas oleovorans NRRL B-14682 | 500-ml flask | Medium E,b 1-5% CSBP | 30 | 72 | 1.3 | 13-27 | PHB | 0.17-0.35 | 0.002-0.005 | 2 | |
| Pseudomonas corrugate 388 | 500-ml flask | Medium E,b 1% CSBP | 30 | 72 | 2.1 | 42 | mcl-PHA | 0.88 | 0.012 | 2 | |
| Mixed culture of Pseudomonas oleovorans NRRL B-14682 and Pseudomonas corrugate 388 | 500-ml flask (P. oleovorans incubated for 24 h before addition of P. corrugate and then 48 or 72 h of mixed incubation) | Medium E,b 1-5% Gly | 30 | 72/96 | 1.9, 3.4 | 40, 20 | s/mcl-PHA blends | 0.97, 0.67 | 3 | ||
| Unidentified osmophilic organism | 42-liter fed-batch culture | 1% GLP, 2.5% YE, 2.5% Pep | 37 | 182 | 21.3 | 76 | PHBV (8-10 mol% HV) | 16.20 | 0.090 | 0.23 | 24 |
| Vibrio sp. isolates M11, M14, M20, and M31 | 1,000-ml flask | MBM, 0.25% Try, 0.1% YE, 3% Gly | 30 | 34 | 0.31-0.45 | 31.4-40.7 | PHB | 0.10-0.17 | 0.003-0.005 | 7 | |
| Recombinant E. coli strain with PhaPc | 5.6-liter bioreactor (batch) | MYA, 3% Gly | 37 | 48 | 15.3 | 51.9 | PHB | 7.90 | 0.200 | 0.08 | 12 |
| Recombinant E. coliarcA mutant | 5.6-liter fed-batch culture | SGA, >0.5% Gly | 37 | 60 | 21.17 | 51 | PHB | 10.81 | 0.180 | 33 | |
| Cupriavidus necator JMP 134 | 2-liter fed-batch culture | MSM, 1% Gly, 1% crude Gly (ADM [5.5% NaCl]) | 35 | 30-50 after nitrogen limitation | 22-25 | 70/48 | PHB | 12.00 | 0.160-0.240 | 0.37/0.14 | 32 |
| Zobellella denitrificans MW1 | 250-ml flask | MSM, 1.5% Gly, 2% NaCl | 41 | 96 | 5 | 87 | PHB | 4.27 | 0.044 | 0.29 | 20 |
| 42-liter fed-batch culture | MSM, 1.5% Gly, 2% NaCl | 41 | 50 | 81.2 | 66.9 | PHB | 54.32 | 1.090 | 0.25 | This study |
a
CSBP, coproduct steam from soy-based biodiesel production (1% CSBP has 2.3 g available glycerol); GLP, glycerol liquid phase from biodiesel production (70% [wt/wt] glycerol); YE, yeast extract; Try, tryptone; Cas, casein; Cas A, Casamino Acids; Gly, glycerol; Pep, peptone; SGA, Sabouraud glucose agar medium; MBM, marine basal medium; BM, basal medium; ADM, ADM Hamburg AG (biodiesel manufacturer).
b
See reference 5.
c
Granule-associated protein from Azotobacter sp. strain FA8.