TABLE 3.

Regulators significantly^a perturbed in the LY180 furfural response relative to a null distribution, as determined by NCA

Regulator	Perturbation direction	Description	Activation mechanism
ArcA	Down	Aerobic respiration control	Phosphorylation by ArcB
ArgR	Up	Repressor of arginine biosynthesis	Binding of l-arginine
BirA	Up	Repressor of biotin biosynthesis	Binding of bio-5′-AMP
CRP	Up	Global regulator of catabolite-sensitive operons	Binding of cyclic AMP
CysB	Up	Regulator of cysteine biosynthesis	Binding of O-acetyl-l-serine
DcuR	Unclear	Activator of genes involved in C-4 dicarboxylate metabolism	Phosphorylation by DcuS
FIS	Down	Global regulator associated with nutritional upshift	Inherently active
FlhDC	Down	Master motility regulator	[FlhD]4[FlhC]2
FliA	Down	Minor sigma factor, regulates motility-associated genes	Inherently active
His	Up	Histidine, regulates histidine biosynthesis via transcriptional attenuation	Inherently active
MetJ	Down	Repressor of methionine biosynthesis	Binding of S-adenosylmethionine
NagC	Down	Coordinates biosynthesis and catabolism of amino sugars	Binding of GlcNAc-6-P
PdhR	Down	Repressor of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex	Absence of binding by pyruvate
PhoB	Up	Regulator of inorganic phosphate uptake	Phosphorylation by PhoR
PhoP	Up	Regulator of divalent cation starvation response	Phosphorylation by PhoQ
PurR	Up	Repressor of purine nucleotide biosynthesis	Binding of hypoxanthine
RpoH	Up	Heat shock sigma factor	Inherently active
RpoN	Up	Nitrogen-related sigma factor	Inherently active
RpoS	Up	General stress response sigma factor	Multiple mechanisms
RutR	Up	Proposed repressor of pyrimidine degradation	Unknown
SF	Up	Lumped “stringent factor”	Amino acid starvation

^aP < 0.05.