Table 1.
The effects of psychotropic drugs on the expression of cholesterol biosynthesis and transport genes in cultured human glioma (GaMg) cells.
| HMGCR | APOE | ABCA1 | NPC1 | NPC2 | LXRα | LXRβ | |
| Clozapine (25 μM) | |||||||
| 6 h | 2.4 ± 0.1** | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.02 | 1.1 ± 0.04 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.03* |
| 12 h | 2.2 ± 0.1** | 1.8 ± 0.1** | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.03 | 1.3 ± 0.01* | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.03 |
| 24 h | 2.1 ± 0.1** | 2.2 ± 0.2** | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.1* | 1.9 ± 0.1** | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.02** |
| 48 h | 2.2 ± 0.1** | 4.5 ± 0.1** | 2.6 ± 0.2** | 2.5 ± 0.1** | 2.6 ± 0.1** | 1.1 ± 0.04 | 1.3 ± 0.02** |
| Olanzapine (10 μM) | |||||||
| 6 h | 1.8 ± 0.3* | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.02 | 1.2 ± 0.09 |
| 12 h | 1.3 ± 0.05** | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.02 | 0.8 ± 0.03* | 1.1 ± 0.06 |
| 24 h | 1.4 ± 0.06** | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.06** | 1.3 ± 0.05** | 1.3 ± 0.02** | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.04* |
| 48 h | 1.1 ± 0.05* | 1.5 ± 0.1* | 1.2 ± 0.02** | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.04** | 1.1 ± 0.05 | 1.0 ± 0.04 |
| Haloperidol (10 μM) | |||||||
| 6 h | 2.1 ± 0.2** | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.06** | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.07 | 1.1 ± 0.01 |
| 12 h | 2.1 ± 0.1** | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.03** | 1.1 ± 0.02* | 1.2 ± 0.05* | 0.6 ± 0.07** | 0.8 ± 0.07* |
| 24 h | 2.2 ± 0.04** | 2.3 ± 0.2** | 0.3 ± 0.03** | 1.7 ± 0.04** | 1.8 ± 0.04** | 1.1 ± 0.05 | 1.2 ± 0.3 |
| 48 h | 1.8 ± 0.01** | 2.4 ± 0.2** | 0.3 ± 0.04** | 1.5 ± 0.07** | 1.8 ± 0.06** | 1.0 ± 0.03 | 1.1 ± 0.04 |
| Imipramine (10 μM) | |||||||
| 6 h | 2.0 ± 0.1** | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2* | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.07 | 1.1 ± 0.06 |
| 12 h | 2.1 ± 0.04** | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.2** | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.03* | 0.9 ± 0.09 | 1.1 ± 0.04 |
| 24 h | 2.3 ± 0.05** | 3.4 ± 0.3** | 1.8 ± 0.09** | 1.7 ± 0.04** | 2.1 ± 0.07** | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.04* |
| 48 h | 1.6 ± 0.07** | 2.6 ± 0.2** | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.01* | 2.2 ± 0.08** | 1.1 ± 0.05 | 1.2 ± 0.05 |
The expression of HMGCR, ApoE, ABCA1, NPC1, NPC2, LXRα, and LXRβ was examined in GaMg cells exposed to clozapine (25 μM), olanzapine (10 μM), haloperidol (10 μM) or imipramine (10 μM) for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. The relative level of gene expression was measured by Q-RT-PCR and normalised against vehicle exposed culture at each timepoint. The data represent mean ± SEM of four independent replicates. * indicates p < 0.05 and ** indicates p < 0.01 as compared to vehicle-exposed cells at the given time.