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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 28.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Mol Med. 2008 Jul 16;14(8):341–350. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2008.06.004

Table 1.

Histone modifications and their functiona

Modification Transcriptional effectb Enzyme (addition) Enzyme (removal)
Acetylation graphic file with name nihms-126270-t0001.jpg HATs (CBP,p300) HDACs (HDAC1−11)
Methylation graphic file with name nihms-126270-t0002.jpg KMTs (SUV39H1) KDMs (JHDM2a)
Phosphorylation graphic file with name nihms-126270-t0003.jpg Kinases (MSK1) Phosphatases (PP1)
Ubiquitination graphic file with name nihms-126270-t0004.jpg Ub ligases (RING2) Ub protease (USP16)
Sumoylation graphic file with name nihms-126270-t0005.jpg SUMO E2s/E3s? (UBC9) SUMO protease (SUSP1?)

Abbreviations: HAT, histone acetyltransferase; HDAC, histone decacetylase; KMT, lysine methyltransferase; KDM, lysine demethylase; SUMO, small ubiquitin-related modifier; Ub, ubiquitin.

a

List of histone modifications, their known effects on transcription and examples of enzymes that catalyze their addition or removal from histones.

b

Inline graphic = increased transcription; Inline graphic = decreased transcription.