Table 1.

Descriptions of measured behaviors

Behavior	Description
Distance calls	Long, loud sounds emitted by the female, typically presented by the female after male song begins and shortly after it stops, often used for localizing other individuals
Other calls	Shorter calls (∼half the duration of distance calls), at a lower volume, including both tets and stacks, presented frequently throughout the test in many cases
Duration of movement	The amount of time an individual bird was moving throughout the cage, excluding time in which the bird was sitting still either on the perch or on the ground for more than 10 sec
Flights/Jumps	Movement to or from the perch or up to the sides of the cage
Beak wipes	Rhythmic movement of the beak back and forth along the perch
Allopreening	Cleaning feathers with beak
Visual Scanning	Turning head to one side, including craning the neck and/or moving one of the eyes in the direction of the speaker and bird model
Beak open	Top and bottom beak are separated slightly for more than 2 sec
Tail quiver	Rapid movement of the tail, often associated with a bowed position on the perch