Table 4.

Comparison of Participant Characteristics and Pretest Means and Standard Errors on Outcome Measures Across Conditions

	Control		Universal		Selective		Combined
Characteristic and measure	%		%	χ2(1, N = 2,718)a	%	χ2(1, N = 2,778)a	%	χ2(1, N = 2,617)a
Demographic variable
Gender (boys)	48.61		51.55		48.85		47.85
Adult man in household	69.12		69.22		71.79		68.53
Non-Hispanic Black	45.54		59.15	48.49***	47.04	0.55	58.06	39.23***
Hispanic/Latino	24.13		18.51	12.99***	25.97	1.17	16.35	24.80***
	M	SE	M	db	M	db	M	db
Pretest measures
Physical Aggression Composite	0.33	0.02	0.36	0.09	0.35	0.06	0.35	0.05
BASC Aggression	1.48	0.07	1.47	−0.01	1.52	0.04	1.50	0.01
PBFS Aggression	0.42	0.01	0.45	0.10	0.45	0.10	0.43	0.04
PBFS Overt Victimization	0.51	0.01	0.56	0.13**	0.55	0.11*	0.51	0.02
PBFS Relational Victimization	0.46	0.01	0.50	0.10*	0.47	0.03	0.46	0.00
School Safety Problems	1.76	0.04	1.84	0.09	1.81	0.06	1.91	0.17*
School Norms for Aggression	1.74	0.03	1.76	0.04	1.75	0.03	1.74	0.01
School Norms for Nonviolent Behavior	2.00	0.02	2.01	0.03	1.99	−0.02	1.98	−0.05
Risk factor index	2.81	0.12	2.96	0.06	3.07	0.11	2.97	0.07

Note. BASC = Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children; PBFS = Problem Behavior Frequency Scale.

^aχ²(1) comparing specific intervention groups with control provided when overall chi-square across conditions was significant (see article).

^bd coefficient intervention versus control, controlling for demographic variables and site.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.