Fig. 1.
Longitudinal path model testing influence of social support and self-efficacy on improvement in substance use and mental health status among clients with co-occurring disorders in residential treatment (N = 351). Latent constructs are in circles, single items are in rectangles; one-headed arrows depict standardized regression paths and two-headed arrows represent correlations (standardized covariances). (*p≤0.05, **p≤0.01, ***p≤0.001).