Table 1.
Proportion of women (n=1,506) by maternal characteristics, reported delivery practices, and delivery-location
| Characteristics | Percentage of women |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delivery at home (n=1238) | Delivery at elective facility (n=180) | Emergency transfer to facility (n=88)† | p value∗ | |
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Primipara | 24 | 26 | 39 | <0.01 |
| Grand-multipara (5+ births) | 22 | 24 | 17 | 0.43 |
| Undernourished | 13 | 11 | 8 | 0.25 |
| Severe anaemia | 7 | 6 | 4 | 0.51 |
| Economic status | ||||
| Lowest (0-1 asset(s)) | 26 | 8 | 10 | |
| Low (2-4 assets) | 56 | 63 | 57 | |
| Moderate (5-6 assets) | 18 | 29 | 33 | <0.01 |
| Maternal education (years) | ||||
| None | 76 | 66 | 72 | |
| 1-6 | 21 | 23 | 17 | |
| 7+ | 3 | 11 | 12 | <0.01 |
| Use of antenatal care | 29 | 84 | 64 | <0.01 |
| Reported serious complications of labour/delivery‡ | 35 | 37 | 55 | <0.01 |
| Delivery practice | ||||
| Deliver on mud/straw foor | 72 | 0 | 1 | <0.01 |
| Hand-washing with disinfectant or soap | 62 | 100 | 67 | <0.01 |
| Multiple vaginal examinations | 61 | 87 | 88 | <0.01 |
| Forced gagging to remove placenta | 51 | 1 | 5 | <0.01 |
| Hard manual pressure on abdomen | 21 | 44 | 28 | <0.01 |
| Labour-augmenting medicines | 19 | 40 | 69 | <0.01 |
| Manual removal of placenta | 9 | 17 | 14 | <0.01 |
| Pressure with knee/object on abdomen | 6 | 0 | 3 | <0.01 |
| Pull on umbilical cord | 10 | 4 | 5 | <0.01 |
| Internal version | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0.24 |
| Postpartum morbidity | 75 | 72 | 75 | 0.58 |
∗Chi-square test for no association between women with indicated variable by place of delivery;
†Refers to reported events which may have occurred during attempted delivery at home, prior to transfer;
‡Includes premature rupture of membranes, prolonged labour, retained placenta, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, convulsions, and intrapartum bleeding