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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 29.
Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Lett. 2009 Jul 23;463(1):49–53. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.07.051

Fig. 3. Ceramide synthesis was necessary for the development of oxidative DNA damage and PARP activation.

Fig. 3

When compared to Veh-Sal, chronic administration of morphine (Veh-Mor) led to oxidative DNA damage as evidenced by a significant increase in 8OHdG (A) and a substantial activation of PARP (B). These events were blocked in a dose-dependent manner by co-administration of morphine with FB1 (0.25-1 mg/kg/d, n=10) (A, B). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM for n=10 animals. * P<0.01 for Veh-Mor versus Veh-Sal; †P<0.01 and ††P<0.001 for FB1-Mor versus Veh-Mor.