C57Bl/6 mice (n = 3 at each time point per group) were preconditioned with either 5 mg/kg LPS or vehicle (0.9% saline) × 18 h before subsequent CLP or sham surgery. Peritoneal fluid cytokines (A, TNF-α; B, IL-6; C, IL-10) were measured at 1, 3, 6, and 18 h after CLP. *P < 0.05 saline/CLP vs. saline/sham and LPS/CLP; †P < 0.05 saline/CLP vs. saline/sham only; ‡P < 0.05 LPS/CLP vs. LPS/sham.