(A) Magnitude of the priming effect (identification time for unstudied words minus identification time for studied words) in Experiment 2 for controls (CON, n = 8), patients with large medial temporal lobe lesions (MTL, n = 2), and patients with damage limited to the hippocampal region (H, n = 3). (B) Magnitude of the fluency effect in Experiment 2 (identification time for words labeled new minus identification time for words labeled old). (C) Percentage of correct responses (hits plus correct rejections) on a test of recognition memory. Circles show individual scores for the patients. Dashed line indicates chance performance. Bracket shows standard errors of the means.