Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes are not detectably replaced by stem or progenitor cells during normal aging. (a) Immunohistochemistry for GFP during aging 0, 3, 6 and 12 months after the 4-OH-tamoxifen pulse. There were no significant differences in the percentage of GFP+ cardiomyocytes. (b) Immunohistochemistry for β-galactosidase (β-gal) during aging 0, 3, 6 and 12 months after the 4-OH-tamoxifen pulse. (c) Leakage of GFP in the absence of 4-OH-tamoxifen pulse was at a very low level, even over 14 months. Shown are representative GFP immunohistochemistry (upper; brown with hematoxylin counterstain) and immunofluorescence (lower; yellow) images showing rare GFP labeling in the absence of 4-OH-tamoxifen (red, troponin T; blue, DAPI). The graph shows leakage of GFP labeling at different mouse ages. Scale bars, 20 μm. Data shown as mean ± s.e.m.