Results of pH measurements of C. helmsii leaves for detecting circadian changes of acid content indicative of CAM. The lines between the morning and evening measuring points are only a visual aid for making it easier to see which pairs of points belong together; they do not imply that there would be a linear decrease of pH over the day. The data are averages of two independent experiments. Treatment labels are as follows: e, emerged stock culture; s, submerged stock culture; E, experiment (treatment) in emerged state; S, experiment in submerged state; Cu, treated with 10 μm Cu2+; Ct, control (0.1 μm Cu2+).