Table 2. Detection of Metabolites in Roots and Nutrient Solutions after Whole Plants were Hydroponically Exposed to CB77a.
| reactors | amount ofreactors | exposuretime | initial Cb(μg kg−1) | samples | 6-OH-CB77(μg kg−1) | CB73c(μg kg−1) | CB52(μg kg−1) | CB35(μg kg−1) | CB20/28d μg kg−1) | CB15(μg kg−1) | CB3(μg kg−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| exposed | 1 | 1 day | 10 | roots | 6.8 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| whole | solution | 0.0053 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.0083 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |||
| poplars | 2 | 1 day | 1 | roots | 8.3e | 3.6 | 3.9 | 1.03 | 5.6 | 3.5 | 7.0 |
| solution | 0.011 | 0.074 | 0.082 | n.d. | 0.097 | 0.11 | 1.04 | ||||
| 2 | 5 days | 10 | roots | 8.9 | 0.030 | 0.017 | 3.0 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |
| solution | 0.081 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.014 | 0.015 | 0.018 | 0.39 | ||||
| 5 | 5 days | 1 | roots | 10.7 ± 6.4f | n.d. | 0.74 ± 1.4 | 1.5 ± 0.98 | n.d. | 0.55 ± 0.71 | 5.0 ± 2.7 | |
| solution | 0.012 ±0.004 | 0.013 ±0.019 | 0.017 ±0.019 | n.d. | 0.021 ±0.026 | 0.016 ±0.026 | 0.024 ±0.017 | ||||
| excised | 3 | 5 days | 1 | roots | 10.4 ± 6.9 | n.d. | n.d. | 1.3 ± 0.14 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| poplars | solution | 0.0088 ±0.0056 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |||
| dead | 3 | 5 days | 1 | roots | n.d.g | n.d. | n.d. | 1.4 ± 0.76 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.77 ± 1.2 |
| poplars | solution | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.013 ±0.022 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.053 ±0.0012 | |||
| autoclaved | 3 | 5 days | 1 | roots | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.38 ± 0.38 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.88 ± 0.22 |
| poplars | solution | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.0033 ±0.0046 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.030 ±0.023 | |||
| untreated | 1 | 5 days | 0 | roots | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| poplars | solution | n.d. | −h | − | − | − | − | − | |||
| exposed | 3 | 5 days | 1 | roots | n.d. | 0.075 ±0.12 | 0.11 ±0.18 | 0.18 ±0.05 | 0.045 ±0.077 | 0.071 ±0.12 | 0.16 ±0.26 |
| switchgrass | solution | n.d. | n.d. | 0.0015 ±0.0015 | n.d. | 0.0053 ±0.0018 | n.d. | 0.0071 ±0.0091 | |||
| untreated | 1 | 5 days | 0 | roots | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
| switchgrass | solution | n.d. | − | − | − | − | − | − |
a
All metabolites were identified and quantitatively analyzed by GC/MS/ECD and GC/MS/MS. Mechanism of chlorine rearrangement is unknown.
b
Initial concentration of CB77.
c
PCB congeners named as the IUPAC number.
d
Coeluted PCB congeners that were not able to be separated by the used GC column.
e
Mean value.
f
Mean value ± standard deviation (n≥3).
g
Nondetectable.
h
No samples were detected.