| Causes of increased urate production |
| Dietary |
Purine-rich and fructose-rich foods, weight loss (fasting) |
| Hematological |
Myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative diseases |
| Other |
Psoriasis, tumor lysis syndrome |
| Causes of reduced renal urate excretion |
| Drugs |
Cyclosporine, thiazides, loop diuretics, aspirin (500–1000 mg/d) |
| Renal |
Hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, chronic renal failure of various etiologies |
| Metabolic/endocrinological |
Dehydration (often associated with surgery), lactic acidosis, ketosis, hypothyroidism |
| Other |
Obesity |
| Combined mechanisms |
|
Alcohol, shock, metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertriglyceridemia) |
