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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Jul 15;56(8):1398–1408. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01808.x

Table 4.

Common staff strategies for managing resident-to-resident aggression described by staff and resident focus group participants (n=16 groups, 103 participants)

Strategies
Mentioned*
% of Groups
Mentioning
% Participants
Mentioning
Total
Conversation
Blocks
Mentioning
Representative Dialogue
Notify Social
Services / Change
Resident Room
50% 20% 11
  • CNA - night shift #2…if I go turn the television off, the other one gonna turn at me that I’m taking up for the other one. So, I leave the television on. I know the television is what’s causing the problem-- why they been yelling and cursing at each other. So, talk to the social worker in the morning ‘cause we do not have one at night and let her fix the situation. And, most of the time when I come back at night, they’re in two different rooms. Somebody’s out. [agreement]…

  • CNA - night shift #13: Yeah, I have that sometimes we change the rooms. Yes.

Physically
Intervene /
Separate Residents
38% 15% 8
  • Front Desk Staff #1: I think I’ve seen it like maybe…three, four times where it’s really gotten really, like come actually out of hand. I saw one time two of them fighting rolling on the floor. And we had to separate them, you know.

  • Nurse - day shift #2:…So like all of a sudden there’s no trigger at all, because I was there in front of those two residents inside the station. But they were already screaming at each other and trying to hit each other, like grabbing each other and, I don’t know, maybe they will scratch or slap each other. But they were just in time—Dr. ___ was there right away. So, she held one of the residents to take care of, and then I got the other resident. So we separated both of them. And we already finished separating them, but they still they continued on verbally attacking each other. But they were already far apart from each other.

Remove
resident from
Dining Room
or Public Area /
Change Seating
Arrangements
31% 8% 5
  • Nurse - day shift #4: We don’t alienate them. But, at the same time, we don’t put them close enough where they’re at arm’s reach--where they can touch that particular person. On the other hand, for somebody who is yelling and screaming, we try to--especially during mealtime when residents tend to get upset if somebody is very noisy, we would take that person out of the dining room once she’s finished eating…We would remove her so that others can have their meal.

Try to
Convince
Residents to
Compromise
25% 11% 6
  • CNA - night shift #8: Yeah, or most likely, too, when the heat comes, and one may not want the heat to be on. And the other one says she’s cold and make a big thing up there…What happens—we become referees. We try to-to talk to both—to get ‘em to compromise. And sometimes it works.

Redirect or
Distract
Residents
19% 9% 4
  • Activities #1: Even in the dining rooms, I mean, when there’re programs taking place with people from different residents, the same resident would come in and get a little angry that someone’s-- a stranger’s sitting in your chair but later, you know, she can be redirected..I can sort of calm her and make her sit in different place for awhile, you know…

  • Activities #5: …because we are familiar to them…

  • Activities #2: Sometimes we can, we could distract and redirect them.

Explain to
Residents
Nature of
Communal
Living
19% 9% 3
  • Physical Therapist #3: [A resident says] “They’re using my walker.”

  • Physical Therapist #4: That’s true, that’s true with the walker. [agreement] [laughter]

  • Physical Therapist #1: Then we say: “We have to share.”

  • Physical Therapist #4: “It’s a community walker.” You know, the whole – the whole story.

  • Activities #5: [A resident may say] “No, that’s my chair.” And even if you ask her, “Come on, Miss C___, this is everybody’s chair, you know, this is the chair for all the people here.” “No, that’s my chair. I always sit there.”… And I will sometimes ask, “Do you have your name on that chair?”

Notify the
nurse / CNA
19% 7% 7
  • Housekeeping #9: …If it’s getting bad, we just tell the nurse.

  • Housekeeping #6: We notify immediately that there might be an altercation going on between these two residents.

  • Housekeeping #9: Yeah, we have to, because it might get bloody.

  • Housekeeping #6: We notify before something escalates. Yeah.

*

The strategies most commonly mentioned by focus groups are displayed in this table. Additional strategies mentioned by focus group participants included: Watch Residents Vigilantly, Move the resident to a different seat, Establish Routine, Explain to Resident that other is confused . demented, Talk calmly to aggressive residents -- settle them down, Allow Residents to Argue with Each Other, Give resident headphones, Request Physician Psychiatric Consult, Make entry in behavior log, Remove one resident from room to nursing station, Contact security, Nylon Barricade with Alarm to Prevent Night Room Entry of Wanderers, Offer to find resident equally good seat, Verbally Intervene to Defuse Situation, Alter Medication, Anticipate Resident Needs, Notify nursing supervisor, Ask resident to quiet down. A total of 25 strategies were identified in the focus groups.

These participants may have directly mentioned this strategy or have participated in a conversation wherein it was mentioned.

Focus groups were divided into conversation blocks where participants were discussing a specific resident or theme. The conversation blocks which addressed specific strategies were counted and those counts are displayed here.