Table 2.
Prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors and diseases among probands with familial hypercholesterolaemia and their affected and unaffected relatives. Values are percentages (95% confidence intervals)
| Risk factor | Men
|
Women
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Probands (n=137) | Relatives
|
Probands (n=122) | Relatives
|
||||
| Affected (n=46) | Unaffected (n=37) | Affected (n=75) | Unaffected (n=42) | ||||
| Cigarette smoking | 13 (8 to 20) | 28 (16 to 43) | 6 (1 to 18) | 17 (11 to 25) | 12 (6 to 22) | 19 (9 to 34) | |
| Hypertension | 2 (0 to 6) | 4 (0 to 12) | 6 (1 to 18) | 4 (1 to 10) | 0 (0 to 5) | 0 (0 to 8) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | <1 (0 to 4) | 0 (0 to 8) | 0 (0 to 9) | <1 (0 to 5) | 0 (0 to 5) | 0 (0 to 8) | |
| Angina | 21 (14 to 28)* | 7 (1 to 18) | 0 (0 to 9) | 17 (11 to 25)* | 7 (2 to 15) | 2 (0 to 13) | |
| Myocardial infarction | 18 (12 to 25)** | 4 (0 to 12) | 0 (0 to 9) | 9 (5 to 16)* | 1 (0 to 7) | 0 (0 to 8) | |
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 27 (19 to 35)** | 7 (1 to 18) | 3 (0 to 14) | 7 (11 to 25)* | 0 (0 to 5) | 0 (0 to 8) | |
| Coronary heart disease† | 44 (35 to 53)** | 11 (4 to 24) | 0 (0 to 9) | 26 (19 to 35)** | 8 (3 to 17) | 2 (0 to 13) | |
| Stroke | 7 (3 to 13)* | 7 (1 to 18) | 3 (0 to 14) | 6 (2 to 12)* | 0 (0 to 5) | 0 (0 to 8) | |
| Coronary heart disease or stroke, or both | 44 (35 to 53)** | 15 (6 to 29) | 3 (0 to 14) | 28 (21 to 37)** | 9 (4 to 18) | 2 (0 to 13) | |
| Intermittent claudication‡ | 12 (7 to 19)* | 4 (0 to 12) | 0 (0 to 9) | 16 (10 to 25)* | 11 (5 to 20) | 5 (1 to 16) | |
| Cardiovascular disease§ | 51 (41 to 59)*** | 20 (9 to 34) | 3 (0 to 14) | 41 (32 to 50)*** | 20 (12 to 31) | 5 (1 to 16) | |
*
P<0.01, **P<0.001, ***P<0.0001 compared with affected or unaffected relatives (χ2 test).
†
Angina, myocardial infarction, or coronary artery bypass grafting, or a combination of these.
‡
Rose questionnaire.
§
Coronary heart disease, stroke, or intermittent claudication, or a combination of these.