Table 2.

Relationship between the HOMA index and clinical characteristics in RA and SLE patients^*

	RA patients			SLE patients
	Correlation coefficient	P	Adjusted P†	Correlation coefficient	P	Adjusted P†
Age, years	0.06	0.53	NA	0.06	0.56	NA
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	−0.01	0.89	0.26	0.17	0.08	0.56
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	0.01	0.89	0.77	−0.06	0.56	0.94
BMI, kg/m2	0.20	0.03	0.02‡	0.54	<0.001	<0.001‡
Homocysteine, μmoles/liter	0.12	0.17	0.22	0.16	0.10	0.12
Cumulative smoking, pack-years	0.14	0.12	0.64	0.04	0.72	0.54
Cholesterol, mg/dl	−0.03	0.74	0.99	−0.02	0.87	0.30
Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dl	0.06	0.50	0.42	0.07	0.48	0.49
High-density lipoprotein, mg/dl	−0.21	0.02	0.04	−0.37	<0.001	<0.001
Lipoprotein(a), mg/dl	0.10	0.25	0.40	0.23	0.02	0.04
Triglycerides, mg/dl	0.06	0.54	0.44	0.21	0.03	0.28
Disease duration, years	0.15	0.10	0.02	−0.14	0.15	0.25
Disease activity	0.21	0.02	0.03	0.20	0.04	0.33
Disease damage	0.26	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.94	0.76
Cumulative corticosteroid dose	0.15	0.09	0.15	0.01	0.94	0.80
Cumulative dose of HCQ	0.16	0.08	0.24	−0.04	0.66	0.69
ESR, mm/hour	0.26	0.003	0.002	0.35	<0.001	0.008
CRP, mg/liter	0.29	0.002	0.001	0.25	0.01	0.30
IL-6§	0.63	<0.001	<0.001	0.16	0.10	0.18
TNF§	0.50	<0.001	<0.001	0.11	0.28	0.24
Agatston score	0.26	0.003	0.02	0.11	0.27	0.89

^*Disease activity is expressed as the DAS28 in patients with RA and as the SLEDAI score in patients with SLE. Disease damage is expressed as the Larsen score in RA (available in 69 patients) and as the SLICC/ACR score in SLE. HCQ = hydroxychloroquine (see Table 1 for other definitions).

^†Adjusted for age, race, sex, BMI, and current corticosteroid use.

^‡Adjusted for age, race, sex, and current corticosteroid use.

^§IL-6 and TNFα were log-transformed in the multivariable analysis.