Table 1.
Detected QTLs of REML single-locus analysis (I), REML forward selection (II), Bayesian single-environmental (III), and Bayesian multi-environmental (IV) mapping for several traits in the spring barley population
| QTLa | Coded marker numberb | SSR-marker group | Chr.c | Pos.d | Bine | R² (%)f | RP(%)g | QTL mapping strategies | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ih | IIi | IIIj | IVk | ||||||||
| Days until heading (h² ≈ 0.77) | |||||||||||
| QHea.S42-1H.1 | 5 | GBM1042 | 1H | 39 | 6 | 4.4 | 2.7 | M*l | MxEm | ||
| QHea.S42-1H.2 | 14 | GBM1061 | 1H | 115 | 13 | 0.7 | 0.9 | Mm | |||
| QHea.S42-1H.3 | 16 | HVABAIP | 1H | 144 | 13 | 4.0 | 1.8 | MxE | MxE | ||
| QHea.S42-2H.1 | 20 | GBM1052 | 2H | 42 | 4 (4) | 21.6 | −9.0 | M* | M* | M | MxE |
| QHea.S42-2H.2 | 22–23 | EBmac684, GMS3 | 2H | 80-86 | 7–8 | 4.9, 5.0 | −1.9, −2.0 | M* | MxE | MxE | |
| QHea.S42-2H.3 | 29 | EBmac415 | 2H | 146 | 13 | 4.2 | −3.3 | MxE | |||
| QHea.S42-3H.1 | 31–32 | HVLTPPB, EBmac705 | 3H | 25–30 | 3 (3) | 4.9, 4.5 | −4.4, −4.3 | M* | MxE | ||
| QHea.S42-3H.2 | 39 | GBM1043 | 3H | 130 | 10 | 4.3 | −1.9 | M* | M* | MxE | |
| QHea.S42-3H.3 | 40–41 | HV13GEIII, HVM62 | 3H | 155–165 | 13–14 (15) | 7.3, 4.6 | −2.9, −2.2 | M* | M* | MxE | M |
| QHea.S42-4H.1 | 54 | EBmac701 | 4H | 130 | 10 | 0.5 | 0.7 | M | |||
| QHea.S42-4H.2 | 59–61 | HVJASIP, HVM67, HDAMYB | 4H | 180–190 | 12–13 (12) | 4.3, 4.9, 6.1 | 1.8, 1.9, 2.2 | M* | M* | MxE | |
| QHea.S42-5H.1 | 65 | Bmag337 | 5H | 43 | 5 | 0.3 | −0.6 | MxE | |||
| QHea.S42-5H.2 | 68 | MGB338 | 5H | 85 | 8 | 0.4 | 1.0 | MxE | |||
| QHea.S42-6H.1 | 77 | EBmac624 | 6H | 107 | 7 | 4.5 | −2.1 | M* | |||
| QHea.S42-7H.1 | 92 | BMS64 | 7H | 146 | 8 | 4.1 | −2.6 | M* | M* | ||
| Plant height (h² ≈ 0.76) | |||||||||||
| QHei.S42-2H.1 | 18–20 | HVM36, GBM1035, GBM1052 | 2H | 17–42 | 2–4 (3–4) | 6.0, 5.3, 3.0 | −8.9, −8.6, −11.5 | M* | M* | MxE | |
| QHei.S42-2H.2 | 22–24 | EBmac684, GMS3, HVTUB | 2H | 80–92 | 7–8 | 13.5, 16.3, 9.9 | −10.8, −12.0, −8.9 | M* | M* | M | |
| QHei.S42-3H.1 | 31–35 | HVLTPPB, EBmac705, HVITR1, MGB410, Bmag603 | 3H | 25–70 | 3–6 (3) | 5.4, 5.4, 8.2, 6.1, 6.8 | 16.7, 16.7, 24.0, 12.9 | M* | M* | MxE | MxE |
| QHei.S42-3H.2 | 39 | GBM1043 | 3H | 130 | 10 | 7.6 | 8.9 | M* | M* | M | MxE |
| QHei.S42-3H.3 | 40–43 | HV13GEIII, HVM62, MGB358, Bmac29 | 3H | 155–190 | 13–16 (15) | 22.0, 16.9, 10.5, 3.9 | 17.9, 15.1, 11.7, 7.3 | M* | M* | MxE | MxE |
| QHei.S42-4H.1 | 53–56 | TACMD, EBmac701, EBmac635, EBmac679 | 4H | 125–132 | 9-10 | 4.8, 6.3, 4.7, 5.1 | −7.3, −8.4, −7.0, −7.3 | M* | |||
| QHei.S42-4H.2 | 58–61 | GBM1015, HVJASIP, HVM67, HDAMYB | 4H | 170–190 | 12–13 (11–12) | 9.2, 14.6, 15.2, 5.8 | −8.8, −11.0, −11.0,−7.1 | M* | M* | MxE | |
| QHei.S42-5H.1 | 65 | Bmag337 | 5H | 43 | 5 | 6.4 | 9.6 | M* | |||
| QHei.S42-7H.1 | 83 | Bmag7 | 7H | 27 | 2 | 4.6 | 12.7 | M* | |||
| Grain yield (h² ≈ 0.70) | |||||||||||
| QYld.S42-1H.1 | 6 | MGB325 | 1H | 52 | 6 | 5.0 | −13.0 | M* | |||
| QYld.S42-1H.2 | 8–11 | HVM20, Bmag211, Bmag149, Bmag105 | 1H | 65–75 | 7–8 | 4.9, 4.1, 4.8, 7.2 | −12.9, −11.8, −12.8, −18.3 | M* | M* | MxE | M |
| QYld.S42-1H.3 | 16 | HVABAIP | 1H | 144 | 13 | 5.8 | −9.3 | MxE | MxE | ||
| QYld.S42-2H.1 | 25–26 | Bmag381, Bmag125 | 2H | 107–122 | 9–10 | 3.0, 4.2 | −6.5, −8.4 | M* | MxE | ||
| QYld.S42-3H.1 | 31–35 | HVLTPPB, EBmac705, HVITR1, MGB410, Bmag603 | 3H | 25-70 | 3–6 (3) | 13.8, 13.9, 13.7, 10.7, 12.4 | −32.6, −32.5, −39.8, −22.8, −24.7 | M* | M* | MxE | MxE |
| QYld.S42-3H.2 | 39 | GBM1043 | 3H | 130 | 10 | 2.0 | −5.3 | M* | MxE | MxE | |
| QYld.S42-3H.3 | 40–41 | HV13GEIII, HVM62 | 3H | 155-165 | 13–14 (15) | 8.2, 6.1 | −12.8, −10.7 | M* | MxE | MxE | |
| QYld.S42-3H.4 | 43 | Bmac29 | 3H | 190 | 16 | 0.1 | −1.1 | MxE | |||
| QYld.S42-5H.1 | 65 | Bmag337 | 5H | 43 | 5 | 3.6 | −9.6 | MxE | |||
| QYld.S42-5H.2 | 69 | GMS61 | 5H | 126 | 10 | 2.6 | −12.9 | MxE | |||
| QYld.S42-7H.1 | 92 | BMS64 | 7H | 146 | 8 | 4.2 | −11.1 | M* | |||
| Thousand grain weight (h² ≈ 0.54) | |||||||||||
| QTgw.S42-1H.1 | 8 | HVM20 | 1H | 65 | 7 | 1.5 | −2.1 | MxE | |||
| QTgw.S42-1H.2 | 16 | HVABAIP | 1H | 144 | 13 | 0.5 | 1.0 | MxE | |||
| QTgw.S42-2H.1 | 23 | GMS3 | 2H | 86 | 8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | M* | MxE | MxE | |
| QTgw.S42-2H.2 | 25–26 | Bmag381, Bmag125 | 2H | 107–122 | 9–10 | 0.3, 0.5 | 0.9, 0.9 | MxE | MxE | ||
| QTgw.S42-3H.1 | 38 | HVM60 | 3H | 110 | 9 (8) | 4.5 | 3.1 | M* | |||
| QTgw.S42-3H.2 | 40–42 | HV13GEIII, HVM62, MGB358 | 3H | 155–175 | 13–15 (15) | 3.3, 4.3, 6.5 | −2.8, −3.1, −3.8 | M* | M* | MxE | |
| QTgw.S42-4H.1 | 53–56 | TACMD, EBmac701, EBmac635, EBmac679 | 4H | 125–132 | 9–10 | 16.6, 16.3, 17.1, 16.8 | −5.6, −5.7, −5.5, −5.5 | M* | M* | MxE | MxE |
| QTgw.S42-4H.2 | 59–61 | HVJASIP, HVM67, HDAMYB | 4H | 180–190 | 12–13 (12) | 8.8, 8.4, 8.7 | −3.7, −3.6, −3.7 | M* | M* | MxE | |
| QTgw.S42-6H.1 | 75 | GMS6 | 6H | 96 | 5 | 1.4 | −1.8 | MxE | |||
| QTgw.S42-6H.2 | 79 | GBM1008 | 6H | 135 | 10 | 1.6 | 1.8 | MxE | |||
| QTgw.S42-7H.1 | 92–95 | BMS64, Bmag120, MGB317, EBmac755 | 7H | 146–166 | 8–11 | 4.6, 4.7, 4.4, 4.2 | −4.2, −4.3, −4.6, −3.6 | M* | M* | MxE | |
| Ears per m² (h² ≈ 0.21) | |||||||||||
| QEar.S42-1H.1 | 16 | HVABAIP | 1H | 144 | 13 | 6.0 | 8.4 | M* | |||
| QEar.S42-2H.1 | 18 | HVM36 | 2H | 17 | 2 (3) | 5.8 | 9.5 | M* | |||
| QEar.S42-2H.2 | 21–24 | MGB391, EBmac684, GMS3, HVTUB | 2H | 67–92 | 6–8 | 6.4, 21.5, 24.2, 21.2 | 11.1, 15.3, 16.5, 14.7 | M* | MxE | MxE | |
| QEar.S42-3H.1 | 34–35 | MGB410, Bmag603 | 3H | 65–70 | 5–6 | 6.7, 6.5 | −13.7, −13.8 | M* | M* | ||
| QEar.S42-3H.2 | 40–41 | HV13GEIII, HVM62 | 3H | 155–165 | 13–14 (15) | 5.2, 4.6 | −8.8, −7.9 | M* | |||
| QEar.S42-4H.1 | 45–46 | HVOLE, HVB23D | 4H | 21–25 | 3 | 5.2, 4.5 | −9.7, −9.3 | M* | |||
| QEar.S42-4H.2 | 53–56 | TACMD, EBmac701, EBmac635, EBmac679 | 4H | 125–132 | 9–10 | 10.0, 9.6, 9.5, 9.1 | 11.4, 11.3, 10.6, 10.6 | M* | |||
| QEar.S42-4H.3 | 58–61 | GBM1015, HVJASIP, HVM67, HDAMYB | 4H | 170–190 | 12–13 (11–12) | 13.6, 23.9, 22.7, 9.0 | 12.0, 16.0, 15.4, 9.8 | M* | M* | MxE | MxE |
| QEar.S42-5H.1 | 62 | MGB384 | 5H | 0 | 2 | 6.8 | −10.8 | M* | M* | ||
| QEar.S42-5H.2 | 65 | Bmag337 | 5H | 43 | 5 | 4.6 | −8.3 | M* | |||
| QEar.S42-6H.1 | 79 | GBM1008 | 6H | 135 | 10 | 5.1 | −7.6 | M* | |||
aNames of the QTLs consisting of the qualifier “Q”, the trait abbreviation, the determined population, the mapped chromosome and a QTL number to distinguish between QTLs on the same chromosome. Markers with a distance ≤20 cM were considered to be a single QTL
bThe markers were coded according to their chromosomal location
cChromosomal location of the SSR markers
dPosition of the SSR markers on the chromosome in centiMorgan (cM) (von Korff et al. 2004). If several markers were significant, the cM range is given
eBin marker class following Kleinhofs and Graner (2001); Costa et al. (2001). In the case of several significant markers, the Bin class range is displayed. An additional number in brackets gives the Bin class following Marcel et al. (2007). As the Bin class of Marcel et al. (2007) was available only for some markers, in the case of several significant markers belonging to the same QTL, these markers are given in italics
fGenetic variance explained by a marker calculated using REML method in SAS Proc Mixed
gRelative performance of the homozygous exotic genotype
hREML single-locus QTL mapping
iREML forward selection approach
jBayesian multi-locus single-environmental analysis
kBayesian multi-locus multi-environmental analysis
lMarker main effect obtained from REML analysis
mM Marker main effect, MxE Marker interaction effect. Both effects are derived from Bayesian analysis and have to be interpreted differently as in REML method. In Bayesian mapping the model was oversaturated so that marker main and interaction effects are not independently identifiable